基于文献计量学的中国转基因玉米研究进展

为转基因玉米后续研究提供参考,利用文献计量学方法,对中国知网(CNKI)收录的来源于SCI期刊、EI期刊、中文核心期刊(北京大学图书馆评价系统)的738篇中国转基因玉米文献进行统计,分析中国转基因玉米的研究现状与趋向。结果表明:中国转基因玉米的文献量及分布期刊总体随年度推进呈增长趋向,专业类期刊为主要刊载物,其中《玉米科学》相较于其他期刊优势显著;所获基金资助主要来自国家层面;作者和发文机构对该方向的研究均有较好的连续性;转基因抗逆玉米及其抗逆机制与性状改良是目前热门研究方向。     

低聚木糖和低聚壳聚糖及其复合制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫机能和盲肠菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究低聚木糖(XOS)和低聚壳聚糖(COS)及其复合制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫机能和盲肠菌群的影响。将240只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复8只。对照组(CON)饲喂基础日粮,其他处理组分别在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg XOS(XOS),30 mg/kg COS(COS),50 mg/kg XOS+10 mg/kg COS(XCⅠ),75 mg/kg XOS+15 mg/kg COS(XCⅡ)。结果表明:与对照组相比,XOS、XCⅠ、XCⅡ均能显著提高肉鸡21 d、42 d平均体重(BW)和1²1 d平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);XCⅠ、XCⅡ较COS 42 d体重和121 d平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);XCⅠ、XCⅡ较COS 42 d体重和1⁴2 d的ADG显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,XCⅠ、XCⅡ14 d、28 d肉鸡胸腺指数及14 d肉鸡十二指肠和空肠黏膜IgG含量;且XCⅠ14 d肉鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌数量较CON和XOS也有提高。结果提示,XOS和COS能改善肉鸡生产性能,改善肉鸡微生物区系,提高机体免疫功能,且XOS与COS低剂量复合添加效果优于单一寡糖,两者具有协同效应,本试验条件下以50 mg/kg XOS+10 mg/kg COS复合效果为最佳。     

产蛋期蛋鸡不同类型玉米净能研究

本试验利用禽用开放式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验,通过间接测热法结合替代法测定不同类型玉米在产蛋期蛋鸡饲粮中的表观代谢能和净能。选用34周龄产蛋期海兰褐蛋鸡180只,随机分为6组,每组30只。试验选用1种玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和5种待测饲粮。待测饲粮由5种待测玉米(3种2018年10月收获的正常玉米和2种2016年收获储存3年的陈化玉米),分别以50%比例替代基础饲粮构成。试验鸡在舍内笼养,预试期7 d,正试期27 d,其中正试期分为3期,每期9 d(适应3 d、呼吸测热3 d、绝食测热3 d)。每期试验中,从每组中选择4只试验鸡,称重后分别放入呼吸测热装置的12个代谢室(每个代谢室2只),每2个代谢室对应1种饲粮,测定气体交换和排泄物总量,呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与基础饲粮相比,5种玉米待测饲粮的表观代谢能显著提高(P<0.05),3种正常玉米待测饲粮的净能显著高于基础饲粮和2种陈化玉米待测饲粮(P<0.05);2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能和净能显著低于3种正常玉米(P<0.05)。本试验中,3种正常玉米的表观代谢能分别为16.19、15.85、16.17 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的表观代谢能分别为15.12和15.06 MJ/kg;3种正常玉米的净能分别为12.39、12.57、12.25 MJ/kg,2种陈化玉米的净能分别为11.29和12.05 MJ/kg。     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.     

Expression and mechanisms of hsa_circ_087631 in patients with primary biliary cholangitis

AIM To explore the expression and mechanisms of circular RNA hsa_circ_087631 in the patients with primary biliary cholangitis （PBC）. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_087631 in PBC patients and healthy controls. Hsa-miR-346-overexpressing lentiviral vector pLenti-EF1a-EGFP-F2A-Puro-CMV-MCS was constructed and transfected into human acute T cell leukemia Jurkat cells， and then the expression levels of hsa_circ_087631， Bcl-6 mRNA and interleukin-21 （IL-21） mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the interactions between hsa_circ_087631 and hsa-miR-346. RESULTS The expression of hsa_circ_087631 in the PBC patients was significantly increased compared with the healthy subjects. Hsa-miR-346-overexpressing lentiviral vector pLenti-EF1a-EGFP-F2A-Puro-CMV-MCS was successfully constructed. The expression of hsa-miR-346 was significantly increased after the hsa-miR-346-overexpressing lentiviral vector was transfected into the Jurkat cells， while the expression levels of hsa_circ_0087631， Bcl-6 mRNA and IL-21 mRNA were significantly decreased. After wild-type or mutant hsa_circ_087631 vector and hsa-miR-346 mimics were transfected into 293T cells， the results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that hsa-miR-346 significantly decreased the luciferase activity of wild-type hsa_circ_087631 （P<0.01）， but the regulation did not change significantly after mutation of the predicted binding site. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood hsa_circ_087631 level is elevated in the PBC patients. The hsa_circ_087631/hsa-miR-346/Bcl-6 signaling may take effect in human T cells. Hsa-miR-346 significantly reduces the expression of hsa_circ_087631， but it may not be regulated by predicted binding sites.     

困难立地条件下的赣北地区高速公路边坡植物调查及研究

本研究的目的在于调查困难立地条件下的赣北地区10条高速公路边坡植物群落,筛选出边坡乔木层,灌木层、草本层的优势种植物,总结江西省几十年的高速公路边坡植被恢复模式实践经验,将植被恢复情况较好的边坡整理归纳出生态恢复模式,对植被恢复较差的边坡提出针对性和可操作性的优化对策,为后期高速公路边坡植被恢复及养护工作提供参考,以实现江西省高速公路生态效益、社会效益、观赏效益的最大化.     

磷肥减量结合硫酸铵配施提高西北地区旱地春玉米磷素利用效率

  【目的】  西北旱地春玉米种植区磷肥过量施用，磷肥利用效率偏低。本研究旨在探究春玉米磷肥减施的可行性以及实现磷素高效利用的优化施肥方式，以期为该地区春玉米磷肥高效利用提供参考。  【方法】  在西北典型雨养农业区设置3年的定位田间试验，共设5个处理:对照 (CK，不施磷肥)、农户模式 (FP，磷用量P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm2，撒施)、减磷撒施 (RP，磷用量P₂O₅ 70 kg/hm2，撒施)、减磷条施 (BF，磷用量P₂O₅ 70 kg/hm2，条施)、硫酸铵模式 (SA，采用硫酸铵氮肥替代尿素氮肥，其他同减磷撒施处理)。在玉米四叶期、五叶期以及成熟期采集植物和土壤样品 (根际土和非根际土)，测定玉米根系、地上部生物量及其磷含量，土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、pH、有效磷、丛枝菌根侵染率，并采用WinRHIZO根系扫描系统测定根长、根表面积、根体积等指标。  【结果】  三年试验结果表明，RP、BF、SA处理玉米籽粒产量、生物量与FP处理无显著差异 (P > 0.05)，但磷肥偏生产力显著提高，平均增幅68.0%。RP、BF、SA处理成熟期玉米籽粒磷含量较FP处理降低7.1%～12.9%，磷累积量降低了8.8%～17.0%，其中RP和BF处理降低幅度达到显著水平，但SA处理籽粒磷含量和磷累积量与FP处理相当。与FP处理相比，RP和SA的磷肥回收利用率均有提高，其中SA处理显著提高7.2个百分点；RP、BF、SA处理均有促进春玉米苗期根系生长的趋势，其中SA处理根长、根表面积以及细根长 (直径小于0.50 mm) 分别提高13.9%～37.9%、8.6%～46.1%、12.2%～43.0%。此外，与FP处理相比，RP和SA处理提高了玉米苗期根系丛枝菌根侵染率，增幅在16.2%～21.7%；SA处理非根际土碱性酶活性有增加趋势，五叶期差异达显著水平，BF处理非根际土有效磷含量提高了18.8%～56.3%。  【结论】  在西北旱地春玉米种植区，磷肥施用量由现在的P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm2减少至70～75 kg/hm2仍可保证玉米稳产。在此基础上，用生理酸性肥料硫酸铵代替尿素可促进玉米根系生长以及丛枝菌根侵染，促进玉米对磷素的吸收利用。     

何首乌茎尖嫩叶主要营养成分分析及评价

测定了何首乌茎尖嫩叶的VB2、VC、粗纤维等主要营养成分含量和K、Fe、Zn等矿质元素含量,以期为何首乌茎尖嫰叶的合理开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明,何首乌茎尖嫩叶营养丰富,各种营养成分较为全面,其主要营养成分和矿质元素含量也远远高于其他4种常见蔬菜,这为何首乌茎尖嫩叶的食用价值提供了科学依据,也为改善人们的膳食营养和餐饮文化、开发蔬菜资源及提高其利用价值提供了参考。     

荔枝FKBP16-2基因启动子的克隆与瞬时表达分析

前期研究中发现了一个果肉低表达而叶片中高表达的荔枝基因FKBP16-2。本文克隆了该基因1 578 bp的启动子片段并对其功能进行了初步分析,结果表明:荔枝FKBP16-2基因启动子序列中含有大量的TATA-box和CAAT-box保守元件,以及TCA-element,ARE,HSE,GCN4_motif,O2-site等各种转录调控相关的顺式作用元件。该启动子能驱动GUS基因在荔枝的花、叶、根、果皮以及种子中表达而在果肉中不表达,表达具有组织特异性。