优质晚熟荔枝品种“井岗红糯”引种试验初报

“井岗红糯”是由国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系荔枝育种岗位选育,并于2009年通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名的优质晚熟荔枝新品种。2011年以高接换种方式引入广东省惠来县华湖镇美园村。“井岗红糯”在惠来地区引种4年的表现为：能适应当地气候条件;接穗和砧木能完全亲和;嫁接后枝条生长势旺盛;易成花坐果;成熟期在7月中旬,较当地糯米糍晚10天,较当地怀枝晚5-7天;成熟期果皮鲜红色,果实呈心形,果形指数1.10,焦核率90%,平均单果重28.18g,果皮厚度1.48mm,可食率77.35%,可溶性固形物含量（TSS）20.00,果实性状及品质优于原产地,初步判定引种成功。     

Characterization of Bioactivities and Biosynthesis of Angucycline/Angucyclinone Derivatives Derived from Gephyromycinifex aptenodytis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Strain NJES-13^T is the type strain and currently the only species of the newly established actinobacteria genera Aptenodytes in the family Dermatophilaceae isolated from the gut microbiota of the Antarctic emperor penguin. This strain demonstrated excellent bioflocculation activity with bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Moreover, it produced bioactive angucycline/angucyclinone derivatives (ADs) and contained one type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS), thus demonstrating great potential to produce novel bioactive compounds. However, the low productivity of the potential new AD metabolite was the main obstacle for its chemical structure elucidation. In this study, to increase the concentration of targeted metabolites, the influence of cellular morphology on AD metabolism in strain NJES-13^T was determined using glass bead-enhanced fermentation. Based on the cellular ultra-structural observation driven by bacterial EPSs, and quantitative analysis of the targeted metabolites, the successful increasing of the productivity of three AD metabolites was achieved. Afterward, a new frigocyclinone analogue was isolated and then identified as 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, as well as two other known ADs named 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin (2-HT) and gephyromycin (GPM). Three AD metabolites were found to demonstrate different bioactivities. Both C-2 hydroxyl substitutes, 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin and 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, exhibited variable inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the newly identified 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone also showed significant cytotoxicity against three tested human-derived cancerous cell lines (HL-60, Bel-7402 and A549), with all obtained IC₅₀ values less than 10 µM. Based on the genetic analysis after genomic mining, the plausible biogenetic pathway of the three bioactive ADs in strain NJES-13^T was also proposed.     

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

基于库兹涅茨曲线的中国南方集体林区森林质量转型动因分析

森林转型理论提供了全球可能经历的森林恢复途径,但已有研究主要关注森林数量.文中从广义上提出森林多维转型并重点关注森林质量转型,从森林生长性、树种多样性、结构稳定性和森林健康性4个方面对森林质量进行衡量,通过构建森林转型影响因素分析框架对中国南方集体林区10个省(区)(浙江、安徽、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州...     

宿主植物对AM真菌生长发育的影响

研究了宿主植物对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌(Glomus mosseae)生长发育的影响。结果表明:温室条件下,4种宿主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌共生,综合比较菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,高粱敖杂1号对真菌的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖质量分数与根外孢子数呈显著正相关,而宿主植物中磷质量分数与菌根真菌的生长发育没有显著的相关性。说明不同宿主植物甚至同种宿主植物不同基因型的品种与丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况不同,宿主植物的菌根长度及根中可溶性糖质量分数对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。     

星鳗工厂化节水养殖试验

星鳗(Astroconger myriaster)俗称绵鳝,绵连鱼;是分布于我国黄、渤海、东海的广温、广盐性经济鱼类.一般成鱼体长40～60cm,体重150～500g,体表光滑,腹面白色、背面灰褐色,体侧、头部具有白点.     

京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力现状初探

为掌握京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力状况,通过问卷、入户调查、田间访谈和实地取样的方式,深入生产一线开展调研。调研发现:京郊设施番茄平均公顷产量为82539 kg,有机肥养分投入量平均折合纯     

土壤养分异质性对入侵植物节节麦与小麦竞争关系的影响

【目的】土壤养分异质性在自然界中广泛存在,会对植物间的竞争关系造成影响。分析土壤养分异质性对入侵植物竞争能力的影响,可为其入侵危害研究提供参考。【方法】以入侵杂草节节麦Aegilops tauschii及其主要危害作物小麦Triticum aestivum为试材,设置同质性及异质性养分条件,结合de Wit取代实验方法,依据株高、叶面积及生物量等指标,探讨了土壤养分异质性对节节麦生长发育及其与小麦竞争关系的影响。【结果】(1)土壤养分异质性促进了小麦和节节麦幼苗株高、叶面积及单株分蘖数的增加,2种植物总生物量增加显著(P<0.05)。(2)种间竞争条件下,异质性土壤中节节麦的根冠比降幅最大,表明节节麦通过将更多的生物量分配至地上以加大对小麦的竞争抑制作用。(3)从竞争平衡指数可知：异质性土壤中节节麦的竞争平衡指数大于0,并较同质性土壤中略有增加,表明土壤养分异质性一定程度上促进了节节麦对小麦的竞争作用。【结论】土壤养分异质性促进了节节麦幼苗的生长发育,并提高了其对小麦的竞争抑制作用。因此认为,土壤养分异质性会进一步加剧节节麦对小麦的危害程度。图5表1参46     

不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标的影响

选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮.日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为7030;6040;5050,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响.试验结果表明精粗比为7030日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P＜0.01),7030日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为6040和5050日粮(P＜0.01).不同日粮组成下精粗比为6040和5050日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组7030日粮(P＜0.01).