Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax protein after acute myocardial infarction and late reperfusion in dogs

AIM: To study the effect of late reperfusion on apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the risk area of acute myocardial infarctin in dogs. METHODS: The experiment was divided into three groups: sham operation group, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, and late reperfusion (LR) group. Apart from sham operation group, the other two groups were subjected to left anterior descending branch of coronary artery ligation. The acute myocardial infarction group was only subjected to ligation for 12 hours, late reperfusion group was subjected to ligation for 6 hours following by 6 hours of reperfusion. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in late reperfusion group was much less than acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05), and increased significantily as compared with sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was enhanced gently in late reperfusion group in contrast to acute myocardial infarction group, but no significant difference in the two groups (P>0.05) was observed, although it was much more in the two groups than that in sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bax protein in late reperfusion group was much higher than that in sham operation group (P<0.01), and was lower than that in acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Late reperfusion reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the risk area of acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism may be that late reperfusion can decrease the expression of Bax protein.     

不同脱钙液对兔膝关节组织切片染色的影响

探讨不同脱钙液对新西兰大白兔膝关节切片染色效果的影响,为膝关节关节软骨及基质多糖的观察奠定试验基础。取正常新西兰大白兔膝关节,10%中性福尔马林溶液充分固定,流水冲洗后,分别浸入10%硝酸脱钙液、3%硝酸脱钙液、改良AF硝酸脱钙液及改良30%盐酸脱钙液中进行充分脱钙后,流水冲洗,制作石蜡切片,苏木精—伊红(HE)、奥尔辛蓝及沙红O染色,显微镜检观察并评价其效果。结果表明:①HE染色效果,3%硝酸组＞30%盐酸组＞10%硝酸组及改良AF硝酸组;②奥尔辛蓝及沙红O染色效果,3%硝酸组及改良AF硝酸组优于其他各组。     

阿胶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

阿胶是由用驴皮加工制作而成的一味传统中药,具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。随着科技进步,近年涌现了大量有关阿胶成分和药效作用的报道。为了便于了解阿胶及其功效,论文对相关的研究报道进行了概述。探讨了阿胶的组成成分和主要的药效成分,重点介绍了阿胶止血、补血,抑瘤增效,提高免疫力等方面的作用和药理机制,特别是总结了阿胶补血作用机制的不同观点,以期为阿胶的进一步研究与开发利用提供依据。     

小鼠附植前胚胎超薄切片的琼脂糖预包埋制备方法

将小鼠附植前胚胎分别经戊二醛一锇酸固定后,采取琼脂糖预包埋法使胚胎凝聚成团,然后对含胚胎的琼脂糖块进行脱水、渗透和包埋。结果显示,Epon812包埋块中的胚胎排列紧密,半薄切片胚胎的整体形态完整,胚胎超微结构保存良好。说明琼脂糖预包埋法是制备小鼠附植前胚胎超薄切片的有效方法。     

饲粮中添加不同组合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1～21日龄肉仔鸡小肠黏膜结构及其养分表观利用率的影响

本文旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同组合的非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率及小肠黏膜形态结构的影响.选用1日龄AA肉鸡360羽,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮、低能对照组饲喂低能饲粮,4个酶制剂添加组饲喂低能饲粮+0.01%酶制剂(酶制剂1组:木聚糖酶,酶制剂2组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶,酶制剂3组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶,酶制剂4组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶+纤维素酶),饲养试验时间21 d.结果显示:1)酶制剂2组、酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组3种酶制剂添加组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率比低能对照组显著提高(P<0.05),其中酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率与正常对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).2)酶制剂3组、酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的蛋白质和能量表观利用率显著高于低能对照组(P<0.05),与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05).3)添加酶制剂后能使21日龄肉仔鸡小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛长度增加,隐窝深度降低,其中酶制剂4组对空肠黏膜形态结构有较好改善作用,酶制剂3组对回肠黏膜形态结构效果最好(P<0.05),各酶制剂组对十二指肠黏膜形态结构无显著影响(P>0.05).这表明酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组能提高能量表观利用率,改善低能饲粮下肉仔鸡的小肠黏膜形态结构,使肉仔鸡的生产性能提高到正常饲养水平.     

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species‐rich and endemic‐rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold‐tolerent and warm‐tolerent species.     

一种基于花授粉算法的WRF风速集合预报新模型

基于不同水平分辨率和边界层参数化方案的集合预报思路,应用花授粉算法与不限制负值的约束理论(FPA-NNCT)进行权重平均,提出一种新的风速集合预报模型(FPA-NNCT-WRF-E).利用山东省代表山地和海滨下垫面的2个风电场风速实测数据,将新模型与传统算术集合模型(M-WRF-E)以及FPA模型(FPA-WRF-E)的风速预报结果进行对比评估.结果表明:FPA-NNCT-WRF-E预报明显优于M-WRF-E和FPA-WRF-E的风速预报,与M-WRF-E相比, FPA-WRF-E将风速平均绝对误差(MAE)减小了20%以上,而新模型FPA-NNCT-WRF-E将MAE减小了38%以上.预报的准确性得到了提高.     

基于降水保证指数的四川省种植制度优化研究

【目的】研究自然降水对四川省农业生态区作物需水的满足程度及其保证指数,为各区域充分合理利用降水资源,选择防旱避灾种植制度提供理论依据。【方法】依据气温、海拔、干燥度、地形地势、地理位置等特点,将四川农业生态区划分为8个不同类型区,采用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的分段单值平均作物系数法,订正各区域主要作物及其主要生育阶段的作物系数（初始生长期作物系数（K_cini）、生育中期作物系数（K_cmid）和成熟期作物系数（K_cend））,计算并比较各区域代表性站点的常见种植模式、主要作物、作物主要生育阶段自然降水对作物需水的满足度及其保证指数,选出各区域防旱避灾最优种植模式。【结果】①各种作物的K_cmid、K_cend值均小于或等于FAO的推荐值;盆地内部各区域作物系数较FAO推荐值偏低更多,攀西地区与FAO推荐值接近;小麦、油菜等夏收作物K_cend值均与FAO推荐值相同,而玉米、水稻等秋收作物K_cend值均低于FAO推荐值。②四川省各种植模式多年平均降水满足度地区之间差异较大。攀枝花、西昌、平武、成都、遂宁、巴中、宜宾、雅安降水满足度依次递增,分别为0.48,0.56,0.63,0.64,0.70,0.72,0.74,0.85。③四川省各种植模式降水保证指数变化范围较大,最低值仅为0.35,而最高值达到0.89。攀枝花各种植模式的降水保证指数普遍偏低,且多数低于0.4;雅安各种植模式的降水保证指数普遍较高,均在0.85以上。【结论】攀枝花等川西南山地干热河谷区、西昌等川西高原安宁河平原半湿润区和平武等川北半湿润山地丘陵过渡区最优种植制度为小麦-玉米-红薯（大豆）旱三熟;雅安等盆西高原盆地过渡湿润气候区和宜宾等川南中低山丘陵湿润气候区最优种植制度为油菜（马铃薯）-水稻水旱轮作两熟制;成都平原湿润气候区最优种植制度为马铃薯-水稻和油菜-玉米-红薯;遂宁等川中丘陵夏伏旱频发区最优种植制度为油菜（小麦）-玉米-红薯旱三熟;巴中等川东北盆周湿润山区防旱避灾最优种植制度为马铃薯（小麦）-玉米-红薯旱三熟。     

雄蚕品种夏华×平8夏季饲养试验研究

引进雄蚕品种夏华×平8在实验室进行对比试验。结果表明:雄蚕品种夏华×平8综合性状总体较优,但产茧量有待提高。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ac28基因的克隆及原核表达

研究旨在克隆苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Q-12的cry1Ac28基因并在原核载体中表达。应用PCR-RFLP法鉴定出Bt Q-12中含有cry1Ac基因,根据已知的cry1Ac全长基因序列设计特异引物,以Bt Q-12基因组DNA为模板扩增cry1Ac全长基因,与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)表达载体pEB相连接获得含有cry1Ac全长基因的重组质粒pEB-cry1Ac,经过序列分析表明,该基因编码区为3 537 bp,编码1 178个氨基酸,分子质量为133.3176 ku,pI为4.885,为弱酸性蛋白质,亮氨酸(Leu)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)三种氨基酸含量最高,分别为8.06%、7.80%、7.72%,该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株能够正常表达133.3176 ku蛋白。该基因核苷酸序列已在GenBank中登录,登录号为FJ610439,并由Btδ-内毒素基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ac28。为进一步研究cry1Ac28蛋白功能和活性打下了良好的基础。