利用微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定不同类型饲料中常量元素含量的可行性分析

为研究微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌8种元素含量的可行性分析,本实验采取微波消解法代替传统的干灰化法,加入氯化铯、硝酸镧作为消电离剂及掩蔽剂,各元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与吸光度值呈线性关系,而且线性相关系数(R2)均达到0.995以上,满足仪器的要求;曲线最低点可以做到0.10mg/L,最高点可以做到7.00mg/L;方法检出限为0.68~207mg/kg,方法重现性(RSD)均小于3%,质控样在质控范围内,通过对实际多种类样品的测定,结果的准确度和精密度均符合饲料国标要求。综上,微波消解-火焰原子吸收法是一种速度快、成本低的联合检测方式,可以用于不同类型的饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌8种元素含量的测定。     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季热应激鸡下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的调控作用

本试验旨在研究γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对夏季热应激鸡下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的调控作用及其机制。选择120羽28日龄淮南麻黄母鸡,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽鸡。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100和150mg/kgGABA。预试期7d,正试期30d。每日记录鸡舍内温度、相对湿度及各组鸡耗料量。第10、20和30天,每组随机抽取5羽鸡,称重后采集血清,检测血清中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(Cor)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和GABA含量;Ⅰ、Ⅲ组鸡断头取脑,检测脑组织中GABA含量。结果表明:1)第10、20、30天时,Ⅲ组的直肠温度显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)第21~30天,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日采食量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。第1~10天、第11~20天和第21~30天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的平均日增重显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)第10天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中CRH含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第30天时,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清中CRH含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。第10、30天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中ACTH含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第20天时,Ⅲ组血清中ACTH含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。第10天时,Ⅲ组血清中Cor含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);第30天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清中Cor含量均极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。4)第10、30天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中HSP70含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第20天时,Ⅲ组血清中HSP70含量极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。5)第10天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清中GABA含量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第20、30天时,Ⅳ组血清中GABA含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。6)第10、30天时,Ⅲ组脑组织中GABA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加GABA降低了夏季热应激鸡的直肠温度及血清中CRH、ACTH、Cor、HSP70含量,其中以Ⅲ组效果最佳。GABA具有抑制夏季热应激鸡HPA轴激素分泌的功能。     

基于转录组测序分析象草木质素合成的研究

采用高通量测序技术Illumlna HiSeq 2000对高木质素的象草品系eg7和低木质素的象草品系eg87(对照)茎组织进行转录组比较测序。测序获得了169630902个序列读取片段(reads),包含13788439920nt碱基信息。对reads进行序列组装,获得87641个单基因簇(unigene),平均长度580nt。从长度分布、GC含量等方面对unigene进行评估,数据显示测序质量好,可信度高。将获得的unigene与Nr、Nt、Swiss-Prot、COG、GO和KEGG数据库进行序列同源性比较和功能分析,62557个unigene与其他生物的已知基因具有不同程度的同源性,象草与高粱序列同源性最高。共鉴定出33323个差异表达基因,其中上调基因9704个(29.12%),下调基因23619个(70.88%);GO分析显示39968个unigene归为54个功能类别,大量unigene与细胞进程、代谢过程、催化活性等相关;KEGG pathway分析富集得到127条代谢通路,包括光合作用、betalain生物合成、苯丙烷类代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢等,苯丙烷类代谢途径差异基因富集程度高、差异基因数目最多,达285条,该途径中64条木质素单体合成酶基因表达上调,79条ClassⅢ型植物过氧化物酶基因表达下调、22条上调。挑选9个差异基因进行qRT-PCR验证,9个基因的表达趋势与高通量测序结果一致。为象草的分子生物学研究提供了宝贵的基因组数据,对于了解象草茎生物合成与木质素调控基因挖掘和多用途定向育种具有指导意义。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对趋化因子诱导的小鼠T细胞迁移效应和黏附与迁移相关蛋白表达的影响

为揭示玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)免疫毒性机理,通过体外试验研究了ZEA对趋化因子诱导的小鼠T细胞迁移效应的影响,以及这一过程中与细胞黏附与迁移相关蛋白的变化。以ConA作为T细胞活化剂,以不同浓度ZEA(0、10、20、40μmol/L)染毒处理细胞后,Transwell法检测T细胞分别在CCL19、CCL21作用下的迁移效应,以及利用流式细胞术检测迁移后CD4、CD8阳性T细胞所占比例。激光共聚焦显微镜拍摄细胞穿膜形态,Western blot检测T细胞迁移及细胞黏附相关蛋白的表达。结果显示,ZEA可以分别降低CCL19和CCL21趋化的T细胞的迁移指数并扰乱迁移后CD4、CD8阳性T细胞之间的比例。此外,ZEA可以不同程度地抑制CCL19和CCL21介导的T细胞穿膜效应。Western blot结果显示,20、40μmol/L的ZEA作用可下调T细胞迁移及细胞黏附相关蛋白的表达。结果表明,ZEA可以抑制趋化因子介导的T细胞迁移效应,在这一过程中,黏附蛋白及迁移蛋白的表达均受到抑制,提示ZEA可能通过抑制T细胞运动过程中黏附及迁移这两个环节,进而影响T细胞的免疫应答,从而发挥免疫抑制作用。     

叶色草蛉对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食效应研究

1987—1989年,在河南省新乡棉区研究了叶色草蛉自然种群动态及其对棉铃虫的捕食效应。叶色草蛉在新乡棉区一年可发生4—5个世代,与棉铃虫卵至一龄幼虫期跟随效应较好,是当地捕食性天敌中的优势种。叶色草蛉整个幼虫期平均可捕食棉铃虫一龄幼虫488.1头,日捕食量随龄期增大而上升。温度对其捕食效应有影响,30℃时捕食量最大,15℃以下、35℃以上捕食量显著下降。叶色草蛉对棉铃虫一龄幼虫的功能反应属 Holling Ⅱ型反应,6日龄草蛉幼虫对其自身密度的功能反应可用 Watt 模型拟合,其捕食作用率与个体间相互干扰作用的关系呈幂函数下降,可以 Hassell 模型模拟。食性选择性试验表明:叶色草蛉最喜食棉铃虫一龄幼虫,其次为棉蚜,再次为棉铃虫卵,对棉叶螨的选择性最差。在棉铃虫一龄幼虫与棉蚜间存在转换效应。     

高寒干旱地区新引桃树良种抗寒耐旱性研究

通过抗寒耐旱生理指标测试分析、露地越冬表现调查、不同栽培措施分析,选择出抗寒耐旱性强、特别是抗寒性强,适宜于张掖川灌区气候条件的桃树品种与品种群,以及抗寒栽培模式与措施,为张掖川灌区及同类地区桃树良种推广栽培提供科学依据。     

赤霉素和温度对贵州特有观赏植物习水报春种子萌发的影响

以习水报春种子为试验材料,采用不同温度梯度和20℃恒温下不同浓度赤霉素处理,研究了各种处理对习水报春种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响,以期找到最适萌发条件。结果表明:15℃处理发芽率(44.45%)最高;20℃处理发芽势(32.22%)最高和发芽指数(4.64)最高;25℃处理各项指标最低,发芽率1.11%,与10、15、20℃处理差异显著(P0.05),发芽势1.11%,与20℃处理差异显著(P0.05),发芽指数0.27,与20℃处理差异显著(P0.05)。最适萌发温度范围为15~20℃。在20℃恒温条件下,200mg·L~(-1) GA3溶液处理发芽率(41.11%)最高;100、200mg·L~(-1) GA3溶液处理发芽势(34.44%)最高,100mg·L~(-1) GA3溶液处理发芽指数最高(5.53)。400、500mg·L~(-1) GA3溶液处理与CK相比发芽率、发芽势差异均显著(P0.05),200、300、400、500mg·L~(-1) GA3溶液处理与CK相比发芽指数差异显著(P0.05),GA3溶液的最适萌发浓度范围为100~200mg·L~(-1)。     

Effects of Dietary Ginger Root,Star Anise and Dan-shen Root on Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance of Sows during Late Gestation and Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of diatary ginger root, star anise and dan-shen root on antioxidant status and reproductive performance of sows during late gestation and lactation.A total of 36 Laiwu Black pregnant sows with average weight of 164.28 kg±1.30 kg and similar parity were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 9 replicates per treatment.The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root, respectively(ie Cont., GIN, SA, DS groups).The results showed that the concentrations of glutathione in serum and milk protein in colostrum, activity of total antioxidant capacity in colostrum of GIN, SA and DS groups were significantly higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).The concentration of milk fat in colostrum of GIN and DS groups were higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).Comparing to Cont.group, the concentration of lactose in colostrum was significantly higher(P<0.05) of SA and DS groups.All groups had similar number of born live, 21 d survival rate, birth weight of born and 21 d weight of born(P>0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root could increase antioxidant status of serum and colostrum of sows, improve the nutritional value of colostrum, but had no effect on reproductive performance.     

Analysis of Ribosome Genotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Pigs and Chickens

This study was to investigate the ribosome genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from 2 large-scale farms in Shanghai.40 isolates were evaluated for their sensitivity to 12 antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution,and the ribosome genotyping (ribotype) was characterized by the Riboprinter^® Microbial Characterization System.The resistance rates of most antimicrobial drug were relatively high and multidrug resistant strains were detected with more than 80%.4 strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from pigs were resistant to vancomycin,including 2 strains of vancomycin highly resistant (MIC>64 mg/L) with the same time highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin (MIC>2 048 mg/L).The results showed that multidrug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis was a serious issue,and the resistant phenotypes of the same type of ribotype was not entirely consistent.     

Substitution between Virulent and Avirulent PPRSV Vaccine Strains with Reverse Genetics System

The Nsp9 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV）coded the RNA polymerase,which played an important role in the virus replication.In order to determine the interaction between the Nsp9 gene and virulence,replication capacity and cell tropism,the Nsp9 gene sequence of PPRSV vaccine strain CH-1R was cloned,and ligated to a virulent strain XH-GD infectious clone after restriction enzyme digestion,and transformed the virus under the basis of the reverse genetics.The results showed that the virus was successfully saved.And the results of biological characteristics test showed that titers and growth rate of saved virus were obviously higher than that of parental strain rXH-GD,but were lower than vaccine strain CH-1R.While plaques of two strains were similar in size.The polymerase of vaccine strain CH-1R could help to improve the drop degree of the virus,and this test could lay the foundation for further study of the effect of Nsp9 gene on virus virulence.