对C57BL／6小鼠超排效果的研究

本文以近交系C57BL／6小鼠为实验对象．研究注射不同剂量的PMSG和hCG对小鼠超排效果的影响。取C57BL／6小鼠各30只,按照注射剂量不同分为A、B、C三组,每组10只,A组注射PMSG2．5IU,HCG2．5IU,B组注射PMSG5．0IU,HCG5．0IU,C组注射PMSG7．5IU,HCG7．5IU。每只小鼠腹腔注射PMSG,间隔48h后分别注射HCG进行超数排卵,再与性成熟同系公鼠合笼,次日早上检查阴道栓．有栓雌鼠用颈椎脱臼法处死。在实体显微镜下由输卵管膨大部冲卵．收集卵母细胞置于盛有M2培养液的表面皿中检查计数．分析超排效果。结果表明。C57BU6小鼠B组的平均取卵数极显著高于A组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;B组的平均取卵数显著高于C组的平均取卵数（P〈0．05）;C组与A组的平均取卵数差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响

为改善牛奶脂肪酸构成,提高乳脂中CLA含量,研究瘤胃液、血浆和乳脂中脂肪酸的代谢规律,探寻提高乳品质的合适途径,本试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究向日粮中添加不同植物油(即葵花油、亚麻油、菜籽油,3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同)对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中CLA的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加3种不同植物油,葵花油组、亚麻油组乳脂中的CLA比例均显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05),且以葵花油组最高;乳脂中PUFA的比例则是亚麻油组显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05);(2)3组间血浆中C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽油组C18∶1的比例显著高于亚麻油组和葵花油组(P<0.05),而后两组差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻油组和葵花油组t11-C18∶1的比例与菜籽油组间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),亚麻油组和菜籽油组中C18∶2的比例差异显著(P<0.05);(3)采食添加不同植物油日粮后,瘤胃液中各种脂肪酸动态变化的平均值差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的趋势是随着时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少。瘤胃液中CLA的比例不同时间点均较低。由本研究可知,在优化奶牛乳脂肪酸构成提高CLA含量方面,以葵花油效果最好。     

柞蚕饲料转化效率的遗传模型与基因效应值的估算

利用2对柞蚕杂交组合8821×四青、8822×青6号的6个世代材料,对柞蚕茧重转化率和茧层生产率两个数量性状进行了遗传分析,结果表明:茧重转化率的基因作用复杂,不符合加-显性遗传模型,存在着基因互作,且显性互作大于显性效应,使茧重转化率增加;茧层生产率的基因作用符合简单的加-显性遗传模型,显性效应为正值,使茧层生产率增加。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharide Extraction on NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA Expression in Different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ Genotype of Chickens Lymphocyte

In order to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicines polysaccharides(cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,200 White feather broiler were chosen and PCR-SSCP technique was applied to analyze the polymorphism of MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ gene. The peripheral blood were collected according to the different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype,and the lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and the cCHMPS were added with a final concentration of 100,75,50 and 0 μg/mL for co-culturing 24 h.Then the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA in lymphocyte using Real-time PCR method were detected. The results showed that:Compared with the control group,different does of cCHMPS could significantly improve NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in chicken with different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotypes (P<0.05), and when the cCHMPS concentration was 50 μg/mL,the NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in lymphocyte of AB and AA genotype chicken were significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).The NF-κB,IL-6 mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). The TNF-α mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups when cCHMPS was 100 μg/mL (P<0.05).There results indicated that the cCHMPS could stimulate NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,and the optimum immunomodulatory does were different in each MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chicken.     

靶向PB2基因的特异性siRNA抑制禽流感病毒(AIV)复制

根据siRNA设计原则,设计并合成5对靶向禽流感病毒（AIV）PB2基因的siRNA（PB2374,PB2665．PB2936,PB21031和PB21233）,将其转染MDCK细胞,分别于转染前和转染后感染H5N1禽流感病毒A／Goose／Guang dongl／96株;在转染后24h、48h和72h分别收集上清液;通过血凝试验（HA）和Real-timePCR检测siRNA抑制A1V增殖的效果。血凝试验结果表明：所设计的5对siRNA中,PB2374抑制AIV增殖的效率为68％～71％,PB2963抑制AIV增殖效率为78％～81％;Real-timePCR检测到PB2374转染组PB2基因的转录水平与对照组比较降低3～3．3倍,PB2963转染组PB2基因的转录水平降低3．9～4．2倍。无论siRNA是先于还是迟于AIV感染,这两对siRNA都能明显地抑制AIV的增殖;本研究结果为开发抗AIV治疗制剂和动物机体抗AIV研究奠定了基础。     

夏南牛核心群母牛部分生长性状影响因素的分析与研究

利用SAS统计分析软件中的GLM过程分析了不同出生年度、不同出生季节和不同代次对夏南牛体尺性状的影响。结果表明:出生年度和代次对夏南牛各年龄阶段体尺性状的影响显著(P<0.05);出生季节对夏南牛各年龄阶段体尺性状的影响不显著(P>0.05)。     

SNAT2介导蛋氨酸对牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖与自噬的调节作用

钠离子依赖性中性氨基酸转运体2（SNAT2）是一种氨基酸转运蛋白,可转运中性氨基酸,广泛分布于多种细胞中。氨基酸既可作为蛋白质合成的底物,也是调节细胞新陈代谢的关键信号分子,但SNAT2是否介导氨基酸调节BMECs增殖和自噬尚未见报道。本研究利用CASY细胞计数和Western blotting技术检测SNAT2过表达和siRNA干扰后牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）增殖情况以及SNAT2对自噬标志蛋白LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ表达量的影响,并利用免疫荧光检测细胞自噬斑点（LC3-Ⅱ）变化。结果显示,SNAT2过表达时,p-PI3K、p-mTOR和Cyclin D1表达量增加,反之,p-PI3K、p-mTOR和Cyclin D1表达量下降。SNAT2抑制时,LC3-Ⅱ表达量增加,免疫荧光检测自噬斑点增多。添加自噬增强剂海藻糖（trehalose,Tre）和蛋氨酸（methionine,Met）后,与单一添加Tre组相比,Met+Tre组p-mTOR表达量增加,LC3-Ⅱ表达量降低,胞浆内绿色自噬斑点减少;添加Tre和Met并抑制SNAT2时,p-mTOR表达量下降,LC3-Ⅱ表达量增多,胞浆内绿色自噬斑点增加。以上结果表明,SNAT2可介导Met通过调控PI3K-mTOR/Cyclin D1信号通路调节BMECs的增殖与自噬。     

一水肌酸对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解度的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮添加一水肌酸(CMH)对杜浙猪肉质性状、肌肉磷酸原代谢、纤维类型特征及蛋白质溶解性的影响。试验选取体重70 kg左右杜浙猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%CMH,试验期30 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),使背最长肌宰后24 h p H和剪切力显著增加(P0.05),滴水损失和压榨损失显著降低(P0.05),背最长肌的肌酸(Cr)总量、磷酸肌酸(PCr)储备量、肌酸激酶(CK)活性、白蛋白及肌原纤维蛋白溶解度显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肌球蛋白重链(My HC)Ⅱa mRNA比例显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CMH对杜浙猪肉质性状具有调控作用,对肌肉磷酸原代谢能力、蛋白质溶解度及肉品系水力产生显著影响。     

地表覆盖对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区人工草地水分利用的影响

以陕西省神木县六道沟小流域为研究区域,对不同覆盖处理下的紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤温度和土壤水分以及苜蓿的水分利用效率进行研究,探讨了黄土高原北部紫花苜蓿人工草地的水分消耗过程。结果表明,地表覆盖可以显著降低土壤0-6cm表层温度;同时覆盖可以增加浅层土壤水分含量,不同覆盖方式下土壤深层水分含量没有明显差异;覆盖处理下的苜蓿产量及水分利用效率均高于对照处理,说明苜蓿株间覆盖可以提高苜蓿产量以及苜蓿的水分利用效率,覆盖可以作为该区牧草地提高生产力的有效方法。     

Effects of Energy,Protein and Amino Acids Levels on the Development of Mammary Gland and the Growth of Fetus in Sows at Late Gestation

Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers.