Nutrient efficacy of microalgae as aquafeed additives for the adult black tiger prawn,Penaeus monodon

This study used a small amount of several lyophilized microalgae (5% of dry weight in aquafeed) to feed adult black tiger prawns Penaeus monodon for 4 weeks, aiming to promote prawn health and nutritional level. Apart from slight increases in ash content, chlorophyll and β‐carotene in the microalgae‐added feeds, there was no difference from the commercial diet in their biochemical composition. After 28 days of feeding, prawn body length, body weight, condition index and also total amount of fatty acids and amino acids of the flesh (2nd abdominal segment) were not affected by microalgae additives as compared with the control commercial diet‐fed group (P > 0.05). Prawns fed the microalgae diets, however, had a relatively better survival rate than those fed the commercial control diet, although no statistical significance was detected in any except for the diatom Melosira sp. The elevated survival rate was concomitant with a higher phagocytosis rate and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the immune response analysis, and significantly a higher astaxanthin content detected in the tail muscle of microalgae diet‐fed prawns (5.36–10.78 ng of astaxanthin per gram of muscle DW). These findings demonstrated that low‐inclusion microalgal additives in prawn diets over a short feeding period (4 weeks) can result in healthier adult prawn, and hence could contribute to the development of an optimized feeding strategy for prawn aquaculture close to harvesting.     

鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌的抑制作用及其抑菌机理

 【目的】探讨鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌的抑制活性及作用机理。【方法】采用生长速率法和果实接菌的方法测定鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌菌丝体生长的抑制作用;采用倍比稀释法测定鹿蹄草素最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MFC）;观测接上鹿蹄草素和桃褐腐病菌对桃果实多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性的诱导情况;并用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌超微结构的影响。【结果】鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌有较强的抑制活性,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强,其MIC为0.032 mg?ml-1,MFC为0.156 mg?ml-1;桃果实接上鹿蹄草素＋病原菌后,PPO、POD和PAL活性开始升高,并在整个试验过程中一直保持较高的水平;扫描电镜下可见,菌丝扭曲变形,菌丝体之间相互粘连,细胞壁破裂,表面出现絮状凝集物。透射电镜下可见,细胞壁明显变薄,细胞内部组成紊乱,细胞结构遭到严重的破坏。【结论】鹿蹄草素对桃褐腐病菌具有较强的抗菌作用;可使菌丝体超微结构发生改变。     

菊芋悬浮细胞系的建立及其导管分子的体外分化

利用菊芋地下块茎作外植体,在附加1.2mg·L~(-1)2,4-D 的 MS 培养基上诱导愈伤组织形成,经同样 MS 液体培养基培养形成悬浮系;菊芋悬浮细胞转入含5.0mg·L~(-1)的6-BAP、1.0mg·L~(-1)2,4-D 的 MS 液体培养基内.经9d 培养可使约30%～50%悬浮细胞转化为具次生壁条纹的导管分子。     

添加低聚木糖生产南瓜蛋糕的工艺研究

通过正交试验,研究了低聚木糖添加量、南瓜蓉添加量、牛奶面粉添加量、鸡蛋清添加量对蛋糕品质的影响,得到了添加低聚木糖生产南瓜蛋糕的工艺参数和最佳配方。     

The diving behaviour of little penguins in Western Australia predisposes them to risk of injury by watercraft

1. The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
2. This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
3. Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
4. This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.

     

Long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in carnivorous marine teleosts: Insight into the profile of endogenous biosynthesis in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

Golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus is an important farmed carnivorous marine teleost. Although some enzymes for long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) biosynthesis have been identified, the ability of T. ovatus for endogenous biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vivo LC‐PUFA synthesis in a 56‐day culture experiment using six diets (D1–D6) formulated with linseed and soybean oils to produce dietary linolenic/linoleic acid (ALA/LA) ratios ranging from 0.14 to 2.20. The control diet (D0) used fish oil as lipid source. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding indices of fish fed D0, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate as well as the contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids in tissues (liver, muscle, brain and eye) of D1–D6 groups were significantly lower (p < .05). These data suggested that T. ovatus could not synthesize LC‐PUFA from C₁₈ PUFA or such ability was very low. However, tissue levels of 20:4n‐3 in fish fed diets D1–D6 were higher than that of D0 fish (p < .05), and positively correlated with dietary ALA/LA ratio, while levels of EPA showed no difference among the D1–D6 groups. These results indicated that Δ5 desaturation, required for the conversion of 20:4n‐3 to EPA, may be lacking or very low, suggesting incomplete LC‐PUFA biosynthesis ability in T. ovatus.     

我国沿岸海域环境污染对渔业可持续发展的影响及对策探讨

阐述了我国沿岩海域主要污染物的种类，污染物质的迁移、转化引起的水域环境污染及污染现状等，讨论了环境污染对渔业生产的影响，从管理、防治、保护等方面提出了对策，以实现渔业的可持续发展目标。     

多效唑对马铃薯的增产作用及其生理效应

在马铃薯的块茎增长期亩施20克多效唑(有效成分),可使叶片叶绿素含量增加22.8%,净光合强度提高56.7%,还能抑制地上部的营养生长,促进光合产物向块茎分配,使经济系数提高66.7%,大薯块显著增多,从而提高了产量和商品性.     

有效氯对浮游植物生长的影响

用０．５×１０－６和１．０×１０－６有效氯处理虾池浮游植物,用４．０×１０－６、１００×１０－６和１５０×１０－６有效氯处理叉鞭金藻、球等鞭金藻两个品种（９００２、３０１１）、巴夫藻（３０１２）、塔胞藻和小新月硅藻,结果表明,０．５×１０－６—１．０×１０－６的有效氯对虾池浮游植物产氧有严重抑制,但对叶绿素含量无显著影响;金藻类用１５０×１０－６有效氯处理１．５ｈ仍可存活,但小新月和塔胞藻在有效氯为４．０×１０－６时,短时间即可致死。     

涉农高校技术转移中心管理模式研究

针对农业技术的特点,农业科技成果转化有其自身的规律和特征,涉农高校技术转移管 理部门要建立推转一体化的管理模式。以安徽农业大学和江南大学的模式,有效的将横向合同 管理,公益推广体系、知识产权建设及平台搭建有机结合起来。