不同青花菜品种形态和品质性状比较

筛选外观优异、品质优良的青花菜品种,以期为青花菜品质改良提供材料基础.笔者以国内常见的19个青花菜品种为材料,对其花球质量、花球直径、花球茎粗、花球形状、蕾粒大小、花球色泽、叶绿素、含水量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖及维生素C等形态和品质指标进行测定与分析.结果 表明,不同青花菜品种形态和品质之间存在一定差异,多数青花菜...     

上海地区郁金香引种与物候期观察

从荷兰引进了282个郁金香品种,种植于上海鲜花港郁金香展示公园内,进行了生物学特性观察。记录了各郁金香品种的物候期,测量了植株茎杆高度。对不同类型郁金香的出苗期、盛花期、枯苗期等进行了比较。     

"蜜本"南瓜生长过程中营养成分的动态变化

对“蜜本”南瓜果实花后10￣50d期间多糖、β-胡萝卜素、氨基酸、Vc、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、矿质元素等营养成分含量的动态变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:多糖、β-胡萝卜素、氨基酸、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖含量增加,但不同阶段各成分含量增加幅度不同;Vc含量下降,但在果实生长发育的最后阶段又稍上升;矿质元素含量变化较为复杂;部分营养成分含量之间的变化存在着一定的相关性。     

中华蜜蜂王浆多肽Apisimin基因转录、克隆与表达研究

构建中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)工蜂头部cDNA文库并进行了测序,从8568个表达序列标签(expression sequencetag,EST)中获得96个Apisimin基因克隆,结果表明Apisimin基因是一个高丰度转录的基因。进一步对克隆分析表明该基因cDNA全长为379 nt,包含一个237 nt、可以编码78个氨基酸的ORF。推导的Apisimin蛋白N端含有一个由24个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,后端为54残基、预计分子量为5.9kDa的成熟肽。该ORF与意大利蜜蜂和印度蜜蜂的Apisimin基因核苷酸同源性分别为100%和95%。将成熟肽编码区进行亚克隆,构建了Apisimin与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX/apisimin,并将重组载体转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行融合表达。SDS-PAGE和薄层扫描表明,表达的融合蛋白分子量为31 kDa,表达量占细菌总蛋白的22.1%,约50%是可溶性的。通过亲和柱进一步纯化了表达的融合蛋白。     

中华绒螯蟹中微量元素的分布及评估

研究了中华绒螯蟹中K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr等微量元素在身体肌肉、螯足肌肉、鳃丝、性腺和肝胰脏中的分布状况,以及雄蟹和雌蟹的差异,并对中华绒螯蟹微量元素的营养价值和重金属污染的情况进行了评价。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹中K、Na含量最高,Fe、Zn、Cu次之,Cd、Pb、Cr最低。同一元素在不同部位的分布有较明显的差异,鳃丝中各种微量元素的含量都较高。多数微量元素的含量在雌雄蟹各部位之间没有明显的差异,但性腺中Cd、Cu、Na、K和Cr的含量有明显的差异,其中Cr在雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中的含量也有明显的差异。中华绒螯蟹是K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素的良好食品来源,但Pb、Cd污染情况较为严重。     

大麦种质耐盐性鉴定及评价

为了鉴定及评价大麦的耐盐性,进行了Na Cl胁迫下不同大麦品种种子萌发及生长试验,结果表明:随着Na Cl胁迫浓度的增加,大麦种子的相对发芽率呈下降趋势,盐害指数随Na Cl胁迫浓度的增加而增大;不同大麦品种间种子萌发存在一定的差异,苏农6472、盐99218、C2118、美97-1338、Numar和海盐大麦表现出较强的耐盐性。通过盐土(土壤含盐量4‰)和脱盐土的对比试验,发现大麦品种在盐土条件下的穗数、穗粒数明显低于脱盐土,而盐土条件下的千粒重高于脱盐土;各品种在盐土下的株高明显低于脱盐土。在盐土条件下,海盐大麦、沪01-2946和苏农6472分别获得4 344、4 311和4 282.5kg·hm-2的籽粒产量,是供试品种中耐盐性最强的品种。本研究不仅为大麦的盐育种提供了理论依据,也为盐渍化地区的麦种植鉴定出了耐盐品种。     

干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响

干旱作为影响玉米产量的环境因素之首,对玉米植株形态、物质积累、生理作用、性器官发育等方面产生影响,最终降低穗粒数、粒重,导致产量降低。以雌雄穗发育为研究重点,本文综述了不同时期干旱对雌雄穗性状及开花吐丝间隔期的影响。玉米开花前遭遇干旱,延缓雌雄穗发育进程,减少分化小花数,增加籽粒败育,导致穗粒数降低;抽雄吐丝期间遭遇干旱,导致雄穗抽出困难、吐丝延迟,使开花吐丝间隔期拉长,严重时导致花粉、花丝超微结构发生改变,影响玉米授粉、受精过程,最终导致秃尖形成,穗粒数降低;灌浆期遭遇干旱导致叶片早衰,光合产物积累不足,籽粒灌浆受阻,粒重降低,最终均会导致产量下降。从源库关系角度分析,玉米灌浆期前干旱导致玉米产量降低的主要原因是穗粒数降低导致的库强不足;而灌浆期干旱主要是叶片早衰等营养器官发育受阻,限制同化物的积累及转运,此时源不足限制了产量的增加。     

Effects of growing conditions on purple corncob (Zea mays L.) anthocyanins

Purple corn ( Zea mays L.) has been used for centuries as a natural food colorant in South America and, more recently, in Asia and Europe. However, limited information is available on the factors affecting their anthocyanin concentration and profiles. In this study, 18 purple corn samples grown under different conditions in Peru were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative anthocyanin composition as well as total phenolics. High variability was observed on monomeric anthocyanin and phenolic contents with yields ranging from 290 to 1333 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) and from 950 to 3516 mg/100 g DW, respectively, while 30.5-47.1% of the total phenolics were anthocyanins. The major anthocyanins present were cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-maloylglucoside, pelargonidin-3-maloylglucoside, and peonidin-3-maloylglucoside, and 35.6-54.0% of the anthocyanins were acylated. Potassium sources/concentrations on the soil and seedling density did not significantly affect anthocyanin composition. The growing location affected anthocyanin levels and the percentage of anthocyanins to total phenolics ( p < 0.01) and should be taken into account when choosing a material for color production.     

红酵母RS1的高耐铝能力与增厚的细胞壁有关而不来自体外铝离子的螯合作用

Aluminum (Al) is very toxic to many living organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. However, despite many studies on Al tolerance in plants, little has been reported concerning these mechanisms in microorganisms. In this study, a red yeast, which could tolerate Al 3+ concentrations as high as 200 mmol L-1 , was isolated from acidic soils, identified as Rhodotorula sp. and designated as RS1. As the medium compositions can greatly affect the responses of microorganisms to Al, two culture mediums, glucose medium (GM) and lysogeny broth medium containing soil extract (S-LBM), were used. During growth of RS1, the pH of medium decreased in GM but increased in S-LBM. These changes in the pH of the media were not induced by Al addition. No or little secretion of organic acids was observed in RS1 growth media. Importantly, the thickness of the cell walls and the ratio of cell wall to biomass of RS1 significantly increased in GM with high Al 3+ concentrations. In the presence of 100 mmol Al L-1 , 78.0% of the total Al of whole cells was present in the thickened cell walls. The Al in cell walls was mostly bound to OH, amide and CO groups of polysaccharides. These results suggest that thickening of the cell wall in response to the high Al 3+ concentrations may play an important role in the high tolerance of RS1 to Al and that pH increase of the medium and chelation of Al ions are not involved in Al tolerance of this organism.     

生态系统健康理论与评价方法探析

阐述了生态系统健康理论的形成与发展以及评价生态系统健康的方法和指标 ,并简介了我国生态系统健康理论在温室生态系统的应用。