芦笋性别的化学鉴定研究

在成熟芦笋叶片与未知性别的芦笋叶片提取液中加入Ⅰ号裴林试剂和Ⅱ号裴林试剂,静置60分钟后,成熟芦笋雌株上清液呈翠绿色,雄株为黄绿色;而未知性别芦笋上清液颜色无区别,但沉淀量不同。     

气候要素对自贡市中稻产量阶段性影响分析

中稻生长过程中受多种气候因子的相互影响,因此描述其产量极为复杂。为了减少气候因子间的相互影响,全面描述气候要素变化对自贡市中稻产量的影响,笔者运用多要素回归积分法的差分形式,建立中稻气象产量差值模型。该模型综合描述了温度、降水、日照等气候要素对中稻产量形成的阶段性影响,并在此基础上设计了产量影响指数,用于衡量中稻生育期各气候因子对最终产量影响的程度。结果表明：各气候要素对自贡中稻产量影响最大的时段和要素为3月上旬的温度,可以造成136.7 kg/hm2的产量波动;6月中旬的降水,可以造成163.7 kg/hm2的产量波动;7月中旬的日照,可以造成94.4 kg/hm2的产量波动。5月下旬的温度、7月上旬的降水、3月上旬的日照,也可以造成89.6~131.5 kg/m2的产量波动。     

小型胚芽精米机的设计

在介绍胚芽精米优点的基础上,详细论述了小型胚芽精米机的工作原理、总体结构,以及核心工作部件的结构设计,分析了设计过程中影响留胚率的主要因素。     

春季翻压3种果园绿肥腐解及养分释放特征研究

为了研究二月兰、黑麦草、毛叶苕子3种绿肥在果园条件下的翻压腐解特性及养分释放特征,采用尼龙网袋法在苹果园进行了110天的田间腐解试验。结果表明：绿肥作为有机肥源翻压后累积腐解率能达到69.10%~76.06%,腐解过程中呈现前21天腐解较快、后期腐解缓慢并逐渐趋于平稳的趋势。碳、氮、磷、钾均在翻压后的前21天大量释放,整体养分释放率表现为钾>碳>氮>磷,试验结束时（翻压110天）,碳、氮、磷、钾的累积释放率分别为76.81%~82.04%、81.06%~84.97%、72.96%~76.81%、95.39%~97.65%。与禾本科绿肥黑麦草相比,豆科绿肥毛叶苕子和十字花科绿肥二月兰具有较低的初始C/N,更易于腐解,较适宜于华北平原果园种植。     

美国木材在华销路下滑不畅

美国是日前世界上最大的木材生产国和出口国之一。该国生产的针叶材如花旗忪、黄忪,阔叶材品种如樱桃木、枫木、黑胡桃木、白橡木、红像木、白栓木、白蜡木等等在我国进口材市场上都有出售。但是近年来,美国对我出口的原木和锯材的数量及价值金额都呈萎缩趋势,这一点,     

Growth versus storage: responses of Mediterranean oak seedlings to changes in nutrient and water availabilities

We compare dry mass (DM) and storage of starch (St) and nitrogen (N) in seedlings of three Mediterranean oaks, two evergreens (Quercus coccifera L. and Q. ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp) and one deciduous (Q. faginea Lam.), across different scenarios of nutrient and water availabilities. Three fertilization (5, 50 and 200 mg of N per plant and growing period) and watering (28–39, 55–71 and 70–85 g H₂O 100 g _soil ^?1 gravimetric soil water) treatments were applied to current-year seedlings between May and October 2002 in two independent experiments. The three species showed a similar response to fertilization, storing nitrogen instead of increasing biomass, in agreement with adaptations to nutrient-poor habitats. However, they differed in their responses to water, reflecting the different water requirements in the field: Q. coccifera, from arid zones, showed no response to water regarding DM and St; Q. faginea, from humid zones, required higher water availability to simultaneously increase growth and storage; while Q. ilex, spanning over most of the water availability range, exhibited a balanced increase of both functions when water increased moderately. In the two evergreen species, N concentration increased with water supply, whereas the reverse occurred in Q. faginea. The latter species favoured growth over storage at moderate water supply (according to its more competitive strategy), although it was the species which accumulated more St and N at the end of the experiments (autumn).     

Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) to soil and atmospheric water deficits under Mediterranean mountain climate

The physiological responses to water deficits of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) were studied under Mediterranean mountain climate. Minimum leaf water potentials were ?3.2 MPa for oak and ?2.1 MPa for pine, with higher predawn values for pubescent oak. Relative sap flow declined in both species when vapour pressure deficit (D) went above ca. 1.2 kPa, but stomatal control was stronger for pine during the 2003 summer drought. P. sylvestris plant hydraulic conductance on a half-total leaf area basis (k _L,s?1) was 1.2–2.6 times higher than the values shown by Q. pubescens, and it showed a considerably steeper decrease during summer. Leaf-level gas exchange was positively related to k _L,s?1 in both species. Scots pine was more vulnerable to xylem embolism and closed stomata to prevent substantial conductivity losses. The results of this study confirm that pubescent oak is more resistant to extreme drought events.     

Effect of dexamethasone treatment on the immune response of Gulf Coast Native lambs to Haemonchus contortus infection

Neonatal and weaner Gulf Coast Native (Native) lambs were studied to determine whether an immunological basis underlies their natural resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection. Neonatal Native lambs (n = 8) and weaner Native lambs (n = 15) were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group. Lambs in the treatment group received dexamethasone by intramuscular injection three times a week for 10 weeks (neonatal) and 15 weeks (weaners). All lambs were monitored for fecal egg count (FEC), blood packed cell volume (PCV), and white blood cell differential counts on a weekly basis for the duration of the studies. Neonatal lambs were kept on pasture with their dams and weaner lambs were dewormed at weaning and kept in pens where they received trickle infections. Serum antibody titers to H. contortus whole worm antigen (WWA) were determined using ELISA. Lymphocyte proliferation assays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were done to assess lymphocyte function. All lambs were vaccinated with killed Brucella abortus strain 19 to assess the effect of dexamethasone treatment on antibody response. All lambs were necropsied at the end of each study to recover the contents of the gastrointestinal tract for nematode enumeration and identification. The results showed that mean FEC and mean PCV of the treatment group was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in the control group in both neonatal and weaner lambs from weeks 6 and 5, respectively. At necropsy, total nematode count was significantly higher in treatment groups than in the control groups. Serum antibody titers to H. contortus WWA were significantly lower in treated groups than in control groups. Treatment groups showed a consistent depression in lymphocyte percentage being significantly lower from week 6 in both neonatal and weaner lambs. No differences were found in the response of PBMC to mitogen stimulation between the groups. Lambs in the control groups showed strong positive brucellosis card tests and the treatment groups did not. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in depression of the immune response and loss of natural resistance of Native lambs to H. contortus infection. The results of these studies suggest that some aspects of the immune response may underlie the natural resistance of Native sheep to H. contortus infection.     

Calcium mineral nutrition increases the tolerance of Quercus ilex to Phytophthora root disease affecting oak rangeland ecosystems in Spain

Root rot caused by the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is leading to significant oak tree mortality in rangeland ecosystems in south western Spain. Susceptibility to P. cinnamomi infections of Q. ilex seedlings with a standard nutrition, deficient in K⁺, and deficient in Ca²⁺, was tested. Oaks deficient in K⁺ showed high values in Ca²⁺ content and were tolerant to the disease. Nutritional deficiency in Ca²⁺, however, did not lead to a higher K⁺ level in plants and induced poorer root development. In addition, K⁺ plant content does not appear to have any effect on pathogen tolerance. Based on these results, we conclude that satisfactory calcium nutrition may confer Holm oaks with a greater tolerance to root disease caused by P. cinnamomi. For this reason, limestone supplements are recommended as a measure against root rot caused by P. cinnamomi in rangelands in southern Spain, as a good option for control of oak root disease.     

改善植物蛋白乳化特性的方法研究

综述了三种提高植物蛋白乳化特性的方法：化学改性法,物理改性法和酶改性法。并展望了提高植物蛋白乳化性的未来发展趋势。