Possible involvement of herbicide sequestration in the resistance to diclofop-methyl in Italian biotypes of Lolium spp.

The mechanism of resistance to diclofop-methyl in three Italian populations of Lolium spp. (two resistant and one susceptible) was investigated. The major proportion of R-1 (Tuscania 1997) and R-2 (Roma 1994) plants (approximately 80%) survived after herbicide treatment by emitting new tillers from the crown. Both resistant (R-1 and R-2) and susceptible (Vetralla 1994) Lolium spp. populations were target-site sensitive. No difference in diclofop-methyl absorption by shoots of resistant and susceptible biotypes was observed. At the dose corresponding to 1× the recommended field rate, a relatively higher metabolism was found in R-2 biotype. In contrast, at the doses 2× and 10× the field rate no difference in herbicide metabolism between susceptible and resistant biotypes was observed. At all the three herbicide doses (1×, 2×, and 10× the field rate) 48 h after the treatment (HAT), the total amount of metabolites produced by wheat was more than three times higher than that produced by resistant and susceptible ryegrass biotypes. At the doses 1× and 2× the field rate, the herbicide translocation was different in the susceptible biotypes compared to resistant biotypes. The total amount of the radiolabel found 48 HAT in culm and root was approximately twice in susceptible biotype than in resistant biotypes. Susceptible and resistant ryegrass biotypes differed in the capability of their roots to acidify the external medium. Susceptible biotype acidified the external solution at approximately 6 times the rates of the resistant biotypes. In the present study, the mechanism responsible for resistance in the investigated resistant biotypes was not univocally identified. Indirect evidence supports the possible involvement of herbicide sequestration or immobilization.     

Report on a travel to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1981 for the collection of indigenous taxa of cultivated plants

Zusammenfassung Die Sammelreise wurde im Juni 1981 innerhalb des Mediterranean Programme des IBPGR mit Teilnehmern aus der Sozialistischen Libyschen Arabischen Volksjamahiriya (Landwirtschaftliches Forschungszentrum Tarbulus), dem Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, und dem Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, durchgeführt. Zeitlicher Ablauf, Sammelliste und erste Ergebnisse dieser Reise zur Sammlung von Getreiden und ihrer wildwachsenden Verwandten in das Jabal Akhdar (Cyrenaika) Gebiet werden behandelt. 78 Saatgutproben, überwiegend von Hart- und Weichweizen sowie Gerste, wurden gesammelt. Im Sammelgebiet sind die variablen Landsorten meist durch neue Sorten verdrängt worden. Aber in den mehr oder weniger weit verbreiteten noch kultivierten Landsorten, oder sogar als Beimischung in neuen Sorten, konnten variable Bestandteile alter Landsorten gefunden werden, die für die Züchtung, besonders auf Stresstoleranz, nützlich sein können.

---

Report on a travel to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1981 for the collection of indigenous taxa of cultivated plants

Summary The mission was carried out within the Mediterranean Programme of the IBPGR in June 1981, participants came from the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Agricultural Research Centre Tarbulus), the Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, and the Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben. Chronology, collecting list and first results of this mission to the Jabal Akhdar (Cirenaica) area for the collection of cereals and their wild relatives are presented. 78 seed samples have been collected, mainly of durum wheat, bread wheat and barley. In the collecting area variable land-races have been mostly replaced by new varieties. But in the more or less widespread few cultivated land-races and even as admixtures in new varieties variable constituents of older land-races could be found which are probably useful for breeding, especially for stress tolerance breeding.

---

1981 .

1981 . ( .-. ), . , , ( ). 78 , ë , . , , . ë, ë , , , , .

---

---

Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.Stubbe aus Anlaß der 80. Wiederkehr seines Geburtstages gewidmet.     

Interchangeability of phosphorylation coupling factors in photosynthetic and respiratory energy conversion

The nonsulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata can obtain energy for growth either by anaerobic photophosphorylation or dark oxidative (aerobic) phosphorylation. Successful resolution of phosphorylation coupling factors from energy-converting membranes of this bacterium permitted tests for reciprocal function of such protein factors in oxidative-and photophosphorylation processes. Evidence was obtained for the interchangeability of coupling factor preparations from dark-grown and photosynthetically grown cells in both kinds of energy conversion.     

Collection of plant genetic resources in Italy, 1987

Summary After finishing a six years' program for exploring and collecting plant genetic resources in South Italy in 1986, these activities were extended to central parts of the country in September 1987 jointly by staff members of the Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, and the Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben. A major part of the Abruzzi area has been covered. 165 samples, mainly of cereals, grain legumes and vegetables, could be collected. This material represents variable land-races. Two accessions ofTriticum dicoccon are especially worth mentioning.

---

Sammlung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen in Italien 1987

Zusammenfassung Nach Beendigung eines sechsjährigen Programms zum Studium und zur Sammlung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen in Süditalien im Jahre 1986, wurden diese Aktivitäten im September 1987 gemeinsam von Mitarbeitern des Istituto del Germoplasma, Bari, und des Zentralinstitus für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, in mittleren Landesteilen fortgesetzt. Ein großer Teil des Abruzzi-Gebietes wurde erfaßt. 165 Proben, vor allem von Getreiden, Körnerleguminosen und Gemüsen, konnten gesammelt werden. Dieses Material setzt sich aus variablen Landsorten zusammen. Zwei Proben vonTriticum dicoccon sind besonders erwähnenswert.

---

1987

1986 , . . 165 , , — , . . Triticum dicoccon .

     

Spatiotemporal variations of albedo in managed agricultural landscapes: inferences to global warming impacts (GWI)

Landscape Ecology - Albedo can be used to quantify ecosystem and landscape contributions to local and global climate. Such contributions are conventionally expressed as radiative forcing (RF) and...