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911.
912.
稀释液渗透压对绵羊精液冷冻效果的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本试验对绵羊冻精采用两次稀释时,从调整Ⅱ液中葡萄糖含量和降低甘油浓度两方面,改变稀释液的渗透压,测定冻精效果。先增减糖的比例,配制9-2(对照), 84-1和84-2等试验组,其稀释Ⅱ液渗透压1191,1026、1499mmol/kg,获冻精情期产羔母羊率61.69, 63.31, 54.55(P<0.05)。随后, 以84-1为对照,降低甘油浓度,设3个试验组,即87-2,88-1和88-1a,渗透压相应为747,456,463mmol/kg,冻精情期受胎率1987年84-1,87-2为65.37,67.37;1988年87-2,88-1,88-1a为63.16,62.50,46.55(P<0.05)。试验说明,绵羊冻精采取2次稀释法,第Ⅱ液以4%甘油,渗透压为747mmol/kg时,冻精效果最佳。 相似文献
913.
914.
A. S. J. P. A. M. VAN MIEKT C. T. M. VAN DUIN Th. WENSING† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1992,15(4):332-342
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a polypeptide produced by mononuclear phagocytes, has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammatory processes and of clinical manifestations in acute infectious diseases. To study further the potential role of TNF in infectious diseases, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived human (r.HuTNF-alpha) and bovine TNF (r.BoTNF-alpha) were intravenously (i.v.) administered in dwarf goats. Rectal temperature, heart rate, rumen motility, plasma zinc and iron concentrations, and certain other blood biochemical and haematological values were studied and compared with the changes seen after E. coli endotoxin (LPS) was administered (dose: 0.1 microgram/kg i.v.). Following a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg of r.BoTNF-alpha, shivering and biphasic febrile response were observed, accompanied by tachycardia, inhibition of rumen contractions, drop in plasma zinc and iron concentrations, lymphopenia, and neutropenia followed by neutrophilia. The i.v. administration of a single injection of 4 micrograms/kg r.HuTNF-alpha induced shivering and biphasic febrile responses, accompanied by anorexia and a similar drop in plasma trace metal concentrations when compared with r.BoTNF-alpha-treated goats. The TNF-alpha-induced symptoms were essentially the same as those that occurred after LPS administration. However, the time of onset of these changes after the injection of TNF-alpha was significantly shorter than after LPS. Moreover, the r.BoTNF-alpha induced a longer lasting neutrophilic leucopenia, less neutrophilia, and a more persistent lymphopenia than after LPS injection. Neither r.BoTNF-alpha nor LPS caused severe haemo-concentration. Furthermore, no cross-tolerance between r.BoTNF-alpha and LPS could be demonstrated. We conclude that both r.BoTNF-alpha and r.HuTNF-alpha induce many of the physiologic, haematologic and metabolic changes that characterize the acute phase response to LPS. The overlapping biological activities of r.BoTNF-alpha, r.HuTNF-alpha and LPS in dwarf goats may indicate that both recombinant tumour necrosis factors have some homology with caprine TNF-alpha. 相似文献
915.
D L Millis J G Hauptman C A Johnson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(8):1128-1130
Of 1,345 cats admitted for orchiectomy during a 10-year period, 23 (1.7%) were cryptorchid and 2 (0.1%) were monorchid. Persian cats were over-represented in the cryptorchid population (P = 0.01). Cats were more likely to be unilaterally than bilaterally cryptorchid (P = 0.01). A predisposition for location of undescended testes (abdominal vs inguinal or right vs left side) was not identified in unilateral cryptorchids. All bilateral cryptorchids had abdominally located testes. The most common surgical approaches used for orchiectomy of cryptorchid cats were a caudal ventral midline incision for inguinal testes and a caudal ventral midline celiotomy for abdominal testes. 相似文献
916.
917.
Bei 72 einzeln gehaltenen Legehennen wurde die Fähigkeit zur selektiven Lysinaufnahme überprüft. 2 unterschiedliche Alleinfutter auf der Basis von Federmehl (A) oder Maiskleber (B), aber mit dem gleichen defizitären Lysingehalt (0,36%), wurden während einer zweiwöchigen Lernphase jeweils an eine Hälfte der Tiere verfuttert. Anschließend wurden beide Vorbehandlungen in je 4 Gruppen geteilt, und eine der Mangelrationen und eine mit Lysin bedarfsgerecht supplementierte Ration (A+ bzw. B+, 0,64%) in folgenden Kombinationen zur Selbstauswahl über 14 Tage angeboten: A/A+, A/B+, B/A+ und B/B+. Über den prozentualen Rationsanteil am Gesamtfutterverzehr wurde die selektierte Lysinaufnahme ermittelt. Mit beiden Mangelrationen wurde eine Anorexie und in Folge eine Leistungsdepression ausgelöst, die jedoch bei B stärker ausgeprägt war. Die lysinangereicherte Ration wurde in fast allen Fällen innerhalb weniger Tage signifikant und stetig zunehmend bevorzugt, was für einen erlernten Lysinappetit bzw. -hunger spricht. Gleichzeitig wurde eine deutlichere Präferenz für die Federmehlration beobachtet, die bei Gruppe A/B+ nach B sogar zu einer Ablehnung der ergänzten Maiskleberration führte. Vertrautheit bzw. Neuartigkeit und sensorische Qualitäten einer Ration spielten neben den physiologischen Effekten eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Selbstauswahl. Die komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Futter, hedonistischen Komponenten und Erfahrung für die Entwicklung eines spezifischen Hungers wurden diskutiert. 相似文献
918.
Michael R. Conover 《Pest management science》1994,41(1):13-19
4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is the only pesticide that can be legally used in the US to reduce bird damage in ripening grain fields. Birds that consume grain baits treated with 4-AP (‘Avitrol’ FC-99®) exhibit erratic behavior and emit vocalizations that presumably scare away the rest of the flock. Yet the behavior of 4-A Pintoxicated birds has not been documented, and we do not know how other birds react when observing these intoxicated birds or what these observers learn from their experience. Hence, we examined the behavior of 15 4-A Pintoxicated red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus (L.)) and found that initial signs of intoxication occurred 12.5 min after consumption of the bait, with death following 16.3 min later. During this 16-min intoxication period, birds gradually lost muscular control, making their movements and vocalizations weaker until hardly perceptible. Other captive red-winged blackbirds (‘observers’) gave more alarm calls while witnessing a 4-A P-intoxicated bird in one room of their cage (treatment period) than they did during the pre-treatment period. Immediately after the intoxicated bird died and was removed from the room, the observers' behaviour returned to pre-treatment levels. Broadcasting calls of an intoxicated bird or the placement of an untreated bird in one of the rooms had little effect on the observers' behavior. In another experiment, the placement of a 4-A Pintoxicated or untreated red-winged blackbird or the broadcast of calls of an intoxicated bird at a feed station did not affect the number of free-ranging conspecifics feeding, within sight of, or vocalizing at, these feeder stations. These results suggest that red-winged blackbirds learn little from witnessing a distressed conspecific. 相似文献
919.
A M Klide 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1992,22(2):384-387
When nitrous oxide is not used, there are no clinically significant, valid reasons for not using low gas flows. There are many clinically significant, valid reasons for using low flows. 相似文献
920.
G L Zimmerman E P Hoberg J A Pankavich 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(8):1409-1410
Anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin, an experimental antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone, was evaluated in a group of 15 calves harboring naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes. Three groups of 5 calves each served as untreated controls (group 1) or principals that were given moxidectin PO at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg (group 2) or 0.4 mg/kg (group 3) of body weight. Equal numbers of control and treated calves were necropsied for parasite recovery on days 10 (3 control and 3 of each treatment group) and 11 (2 control and 2 of each treatment group) after treatment. Efficacies at both doses were greater than 99.8 and 99.9% against active and inhibited larvae and adults of Ostertagia spp, respectively. The overall mean efficacy of each dose was greater than 99.9%. 相似文献