非洲猪瘟病毒污染运输车辆模拟消毒试验

为验证碾压消毒垫和驶过消毒池两种常见运输车辆消毒方式对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的杀灭效果,采用生物学特性和理化特性相近的猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）疫苗稀释液喷洒运输车辆车轮,测试两种消毒方式的消毒效果。结果显示：车辆碾压消毒垫后0、1、2、3、4、5 min以及驶过消毒池后0、2、5、10 min,车轮可被检测的PRV与表面细菌含量均呈下降趋势,且杀灭效果随时间增加而增强。其中,碾压消毒垫后5 min无法有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为92.5%;驶过消毒池后10 min可有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为98.3%。本研究结果为提高非洲猪瘟疫情应急处置水平和日常防控消毒措施有效性提供了数据支撑。     

基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据的森林生长异常监测

利用遥感技术,基于时间序列的MODIS数据对2004—2006年东北三省的林区进行森林生长异常监测。首先利用MODIS数据时间分辨率高的特点,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波函数平滑8天合成的EVI,计算生长季面积和年EVI曲线熵值,两指标联合得到3年间变化量大的像素点,定义为森林生长异常点;然后抽取异常点的时间序列曲线进行分析,并结合森林灾害事件进行比较验证。结果表明:异常点曲线的熵值明显大于正常年,生长季峰值低,并且在生长旺季会出现峰值突然持续下降或双峰等异常现象,这与该区域森林生长异常发生时的植被反射率表征一致,说明用该法对森林生长异常进行监测是基本可行的。     

免疫应激对不同品种猪氨基酸消化率的影响

本试验通过注射大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）构建免疫应激模型,旨在探讨免疫应激对不同品种猪氨基酸消化率的影响。分别选用6头体重为32±3.6 kg莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和大约克夏猪,采用2×3因子设计（免疫应激*品种类型）,实施回肠末端T型瘘管手术。试验猪单栏饲养,术后经过14 d适应期,进行氨基酸代谢试验。结果表明：在所测定的16种氨基酸中,除了半胱氨酸和组氨酸,免疫应激降低了不同品种猪的氨基酸的回肠表观消化率（P < 0.01）（P < 0.05）;大约克猪对总氨基酸的回肠表观消化率的降低量高于鲁莱猪和莱芜猪（P < 0.05）。     

Post‐anesthetic pulmonary edema in two horses

Case 1 A two‐year old, 462 kg Standard bred horse was anesthetized for arthroscopy and castration. During anesthesia, hyperemia of the mucosal membranes and urticaria were noticed. During 5 hours of anesthesia subcutaneous edema of the eyelids and neck region developed. In the recovery box, the orotracheal (OT) tube was left in situ and secured in place with tape. Following initial attempts to stand, the horse became highly agitated and signs consistent with pulmonary edema developed subsequently. Arterial hypoxemia (PaO₂: 3.7 kPa [28 mmHg]) and hypocapnia (PaCO₂: 3.1 kPa [23 mmHg]) were confirmed. Oxygen and furosemide were administered. The horse was assisted to standing with a sling. Therapy continued with bilateral intra‐nasal oxygen insufflation. Ancillary medical therapy included flunixin meglumine, penicillin, gentamycin and dimethylsulfoxide. Following 7 hours of treatment the arterial oxygen tensions began to increase towards normal values. Case 2 An 11‐year old, 528 kg Paint horse was anesthetized for surgery of a submandibular mass. The 4‐hour anesthetic period was unremarkable. The OT tube was left in situ for the recovery. During recovery, the horse was slightly agitated and stood after three attempts. Clinical signs consistent with pulmonary edema and arterial hypoxemia (PaO₂: 5 kPa [37.5 mmHg]) subsequently developed following extubation. Respiratory signs resolved with medical therapy, including unilateral nasal oxygen insufflation, furosemide, flunixin meglumine and dimethylsulfoxide. The diagnosis of pulmonary edema in these horses was made by clinical signs and arterial blood‐gas analysis. While pulmonary radiographs were not taken to confirm the diagnosis, the clinical signs following anesthesia support the diagnosis in both cases. The etiology of pulmonary edema was most likely multifactorial.     

辐照技术在肉制品加工保鲜中的应用

食源性致病菌和腐败菌是造成食源性疾病和食品腐败的最主要原因.杀菌剂和防腐剂等传统的食品保鲜技术不仅会破坏食品特有风味,而且会造成化学污染,不利于人体健康.辐照技术作为一种新型的绿色"非热"加工技术,具有环保、安全、便捷、高效等特点,已被广泛应用于食品加工业中.本文结合国内外研究进展,介绍了食品辐照杀菌技术的机理和优势,...     

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.     

高产抗病红麻新品种福红1号的选育研究

福红１号系１９８２年以青皮３号与７３８０杂交，采用简化混合－系谱法和大跨度穿梭育种新技术于１９９２年育成并通过省级技术鉴定．福红１号在省内外多年多点试验鉴定，平均比对照青皮３号增产２２．６３％，比对照粤７４３增产６．９６％，比浙８３２增产１３．１４％，产量稳定性测定回归系数ｂ＝１，表现丰产性高，稳定性好，适应性广，苗期较耐寒，后期不早衰，生长速度快，有效茎多，抗病力强，对光钝感等特性．１９９５年２月通过福建省红麻品种审定     

人工复合群落对南方红豆杉生物量及紫杉醇质量分数的影响

在不同立地条件下构建了以喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)为建群种、以南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)为伴生种、以长春花(Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don)为地被种的人工复合群落,并以传统人工搭建遮阴网作对照。研究表明:从3月份新枝叶萌发至12月份枝叶停止生长,3种立地条件下单种群落和复合群落南方红豆杉生物量及其枝叶中紫杉醇质量分数差异显著,对于南方红豆杉生物量,陡坡复合群落缓坡复合群落平地复合群落平地单种群落;紫杉醇质量分数在5月份、8月份和11月份都出现峰值,其中紫杉醇质量分数最高值都出现在5月份。5月份和11月份,紫杉醇质量分数峰值:陡坡复合群落缓坡复合群落平地复合群落平地单种群落;8月份,紫杉醇质量分数峰值陡坡复合群落缓坡复合群落平地单种群落平地复合群落。南方红豆杉枝叶紫杉醇质量分数季节变化与太阳辐射、温度和降雨量呈正相关,与湿度呈负相关,但相关性均不显著。     

我国甘蔗收获机虚拟样机技术研究现状与展望

我国甘蔗收获机械化研究已有40年多历史,但一直没有真正定型的机型得到广泛推广使用,说明人们对机械化收获甘蔗过程中复杂的运动学和动力学内在规律认识还不够,没有找到有效的解决方法.为此,综述了国内甘蔗收获机虚拟样机技术的研究成果,提出了今后应在完善关键部件功能仿真、整机模型仿真、整机性能匹配仿真等方面开展深入研究,提高整机模型的仿真性能.