沼液与化肥和有机肥配施对桃产量和品质的效应

采用田间试验研究了沼液在不同施肥处理中对桃产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,仅在常规施肥基础上增施沼液(T2处理)不能提高桃产量,沼液仅与钾肥配施(T3处理)还会降低桃产量,沼液配施磷钾(T4处理)或配施油饼(T5处理)能提高桃产量,且配施油饼的增产效果最显著,增产幅度最大。T4和T5处理均能增加桃果实中的Vc含量。各处理与常规施肥相比,桃果实中的还原糖含量均有所降低,以T5处理中还原糖的含量最低,仅为常规处理的48.48%。除T5处理中桃果实的有机酸含量略有增加外(1.77%),其他处理的有机酸含量都有所降低(5.42%～9.22%)。各处理的糖/酸与常规施肥相比均大幅度下降,降幅为21.42%～53.36%。     

管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟

建立了管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟，该模型考虑了泵破坏无量纲非线性边界条件，运用特征线法对方程进行了求解。经验证，证明模型是可靠的，可用于工程分析计算。     

SYJ-2型液肥变量施肥机设计与试验

变量施肥技术是精准农业的重要组成部分,依据农业生产要求设计了与轮式拖拉机配套的SYJ-2型三点悬挂式液肥变量施肥机。以单片机作为核心处理器,以电磁比例调节阀为执行部件,设计编写了液肥变量控制系统以及与硬件配套的上位机软件,用于采集数据与发送命令;关键部件内腔式旋转扎穴机构采用5个全等椭圆齿轮传动,液肥在内腔流动,在减少外部连接软管的同时,防止了管路缠绕;液肥分配器的功能是适时开启和关闭,实现液肥的不连续射出,进而完成穴施作业;同时对内腔式旋转扎穴机构和液肥分配器进行了结构设计。田间试验结果表明,施肥深度为地表12~15 cm,施肥精度为99.1%,满足液态变量施肥作业要求。     

时序进气柴油机缸内分层与燃烧排放特征数值分析

缸内再循环废气(EGR)分布是发动机缸内EGR分层燃烧研究的重点与难点,由时序进气策略通过控制进气组分的充气时段来组织缸内EGR分层分布具有重要意义。以高压共轨重型柴油机为研究对象,采用CFD(Computation fluid dynamics)方法建立全参数数值仿真平台,研究不同时序进气组分经过进气及压缩过程后在缸内的分布特征及其对柴油机缸内燃烧及排放的影响。研究中以CO2代替EGR。研究结果表明,时序进气早期进气组分在气缸底部及燃烧室壁面附近分布较浓,后期进气则在气缸中心顶部分布较浓;时序进气能够获得显著的轴向分层分布;与均匀进气相比,缸内压力和温度偏低,燃烧滞后约0.7°CA,但放热率峰值偏高,NOx排放量降低51.2%,碳烟排放量降低13.4%。     

超高压技术在粮食产品加工中的应用

超高压技术是一种非热加工技术,因具有杀菌、保持食品原有营养成分、护色等特点,在食品行业的应用已越来越广泛。目前,超高压技术在粮食产品加工方面的应用发展较快,随着对该技术研究的不断深入,其在粮食产品加工中所发挥的作用也越来越受关注。阐述了国内外超高压技术在粮食产品淀粉改性、蛋白质改性、成分提取、致敏性降低、贮藏(灭菌灭芽)等方面的研究进展,分析了各方面研究结果的意义、应用价值和前景,并对今后应重点关注的研究方向提出了建议。     

铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

RNA干涉及其应用

在各种各样的真核生物当中,双链RNA(dsRNA)促使了有效的同源mRNA分子降解,这个过程被称为RNA干扰(RNAi)。RNAi现象通过调控RNA抑制基因表达,它在植物、动物、真菌中广泛存在,被认为是一种抑制病毒性复制和转座子活动的抗御机制,而在此过程中,侵染型病毒为了能够不被这种机制干扰抑制,继续在寄主体内生存、繁殖,则产生了一种反抗御机制———即产生抑制蛋白来对付转录后基因沉默(PTGS)。对RNAi以及RNAi抑制物的作用机制、抑制物类型、特点及相关应用方面作了比较详尽的综述。dsRNA介导的PTGS将是分子生物学领域的研究热点之一,在研究基因功能,基因治疗,抗病毒基因工程,解剖和调控次生代谢途径等方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对黑龙江水系乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)心、肝、肾、眼、肌肉和性腺共6种组织进行了9种同工酶(ADH、EST、G6PDH、GDH、IDH、LDH、MDH、POD、SOD)的分析。结果表明,乌苏里拟鲿EST、GDH、IDH、POD同工酶谱中存在不同程度的组织特异性,EST表现出明显的性别差异性。共记录19个基因位点,多态位点百分数P=21.05%,种群遗传偏离指数d=-1,该乌苏里拟鲿种群内部杂合子缺失较严重,偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,遗传多样性较低。     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.     

Identification of QTLs Associated with Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Soybean bacterial spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea which is a bacterial disease seriously affects soybean yield.Ten soybean germplasms and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population were used to identify the resistant trait after inoculated with P.sg (P.sgneau001) in this study.High-density genetic mapping was obtained by specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of 149 RILs population which was derived from the crossing between Charleston and Dongnong594.The results indicated that 10 germplasm resources had four resistant germplasms included highly resistant cultivar Charleston,four susceptible varieties included Dongnong594 and two moderately resistant cultivars.Five quantitative trait locus (QTLs) were detected in RILs population by the composite interval mapping (CIM) method,and located on Linkage Group (LG) D1b (chromosome two),LG C2 (chromosome six) and LG H (chromosome 12),respectively.LOD scores ranged from 2.68 to 4.95 and the phenotypic variation percentage was from 6% to 11%.Six candidate genes were detected,according to the result of gene annotation information.Four of them had relationship with protein kinase activity,protein phosphorylation and leucine rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein,which had high expression after inoculated with P.sg by qRT-PCR.