牛A型巴氏杆菌高、低毒力株LPS激活RAW264.7细胞TLR4信号通路的比较分析

本研究旨在比较牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌高毒力株(PmCQ2)和低毒力株(PmCQ6)脂多糖(LPS)对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7内TLR4信号通路的影响。选用体外培养RAW264.7细胞,经LPS刺激后检测细胞内TLR4信号激活及对TNF-α和IL-12p40表达的影响;并利用Western blot检测LPS对IκBα磷酸化及NF-κBp65活化的影响。结果显示,高毒力株LPS_PmCQ2和低毒力株LPS_PmCQ6分别刺激RAW264.7细胞后,均能显著提高TLR4的表达,并诱导细胞因子TNF-α和IL-12p40的分泌表达;LPS_PmCQ2和LPS_PmCQ6均能诱导IκBα磷酸化,促进NF-κBp65核转位,但二者没有显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌高、低毒力株LPS均能参与TLR4介导的小鼠巨噬细胞免疫应答,且二者对TLR4介导的IκBα-NF-κB信号通路的作用无显著差异,暗示牛A型多杀性巴氏杆菌对小鼠巨噬细胞的毒力与LPS无明显相关性,可能由其他毒力因子决定。     

不同营养水平日粮对陕北白绒山羊生长性能和小肠组织SLC7A7、SLC3A1及SLC15A1 mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮营养水平对断奶后2~6月龄陕北白绒山羊生长性能及小肠组织中与氨基酸转运吸收相关的SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA表达的影响。选取健康、日龄（（60±1.60）d）和体重（（10.73±1.03）kg）相近的雌性陕北白绒山羊羔羊36只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂4种试验日粮,其消化能和粗蛋白质水平分别为标准日粮的85%、100%、115%和130%。标准日粮营养水平参考肉羊饲养标准NY/T816-2004,依据生长阶段（10~19 kg、15~27 kg）和目标增重设置。试验期间,分别于120和180日龄称重,于180日龄,每个重复屠宰1只试验羊,采集十二指肠中上部、空肠中段、回肠末端组织样品,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1表达水平。结果表明：1）第一阶段（60~120 d）115%水平组平均日增重显著高于其他三组（P<0.05）,第二阶段（121~180 d）115%水平组平均日增重显著高于85%和100%水平组（P<0.05）,与130%水平组无明显差异。两阶段115%水平组羔羊干物质采食量极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）。两阶段料重比115%水平组显著低于85%、100%水平组（P<0.05）。2）相同营养水平下,SLC7A7和SLC15A1 mRNA的表达丰度顺序均为回肠>空肠>十二指肠;3）随日粮营养水平的增加,SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA在小肠各段的相对表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,且115%水平组表达量最高。115%水平组SLC7A7和SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）;115%水平组SLC3A1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于85%和130%水平组组（P<0.05）。本试验条件下,与其他营养水平组相比,115%水平组陕北白绒山羊羔羊在2~6月龄生长性能最佳,SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA在小肠各段的表达量最高。     

锡林河流域天然草地生态系统服务价值评价

锡林河流域天然草地是我国北方重要的生态保护屏障,其关键的地理位置和独特的生境条件使其具有十分重要的生态意义和经济价值。本研究根据草地的产草量和退化程度将锡林河流域天然草地划分成5个等级,利用Costanza的生态系统服务功能评价的基本思路和方法,对锡林河流域天然草地生态系统服务价值进行了评估:首先分别计算每一等级草地单位面积的各项生态系统服务功能的服务价值,然后求和得到该流域草地的总服务价值。结果表明,锡林河流域草地生态系统每年的服务价值为76.154×108元。受各级草场的生产量和放牧强度的综合影响,健康程度不同的各等级天然草地的单位面积生态系统服务功能的价值存在着很大差异,从第1级草地到第5级草地,单位面积服务价值比重从38.1%下降到4.8%。参考国际、国内和锡林浩特当地3种不同的生态系统服务单价,通过计算得出这3种不同空间尺度下锡林河流域天然草场生态系统服务价值分别为:88.199×108,76.154×108和14.236×108元/年,并且各项服务功能在总价值中所占的比例也随空间尺度的不同而不同。以气体调节为例,服务价值的比重分别占3.7%,11.0%和7.9%,这说明生态系统服务功能的价值与空间尺度有关。     

表证动物模型研究概况

中兽医对表证动物模型的研究相对起步较晚，自1992年沈映君等为研究解表方药报道建立“类表寒证”、“类表热证”动物模型以来，风寒表证、风热表证、卫气（阳）虚证等相关动物模型的研究陆续见诸报道。笔者将近10余年来表证动物模型的研究概况综述如下。     

Construction of Brucella ClpS Gene Mutant Strain and Its Effect on Virulence

The present study aimed to determine the role of ClpS gene,and to analyse the impact of ClpS mutation on the virulence of Brucella.A ClpS gene mutant strain,named ΔClpS was constructed by homologous recombination technology.The bacterial growth kinetics,the LPS synthesis ability and the survival ability of bacterial within macrophages as well as the virulence in mouse model were measured.In addition,the difference between parent strain 2308 and the mutant strain ΔClpS were compared.The results showed that under the same culture conditions,no difference in bacterial concentration was observed between 2308 and ΔClpS strains.The silver staining examination showed that the expression level of LPS extracted from two strains were similar,indicating ClpS gene mutation did not alter the growth rate and LPS synthesis ability of Brucella. In the cell infection assay,the survival ability of ΔClpS strain in cells was extremely significantly lower than that of 2308 strain at 72 h after infection (P<0.01).The results of mouse infection experiment showed that in the first week after infection,no significant difference in spleen weight and bacterial concentration between 2308 and ΔClpS strains infected mice was observed.However,at 4 weeks after infection,the bacterial concentration in spleen of ΔClpS infected mice was 10^3.93 CFU/g spleen,which was significantly lower than that of 2308 strain (10^6.68 CFU/g spleen,P<0.01).The spleen weight of ΔClpS infected mice was also remarkably lower than that of 2308 strain (P<0.01).In summary,the results suggested that the ClpS gene of Brucella did not play a role in Brucella growth rate and ability of LPS synthesis,whereas ClpS gene mutation decreased the ability of Brucella colonization in mouse spleen.     

Study on Technology of Black Silkies Chicken Semen Freezing by DMA Pellet

The aim was to explore the effects of different kinds of dilution and thawing devices on the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMA) pellet frozen semen of Black Silkies. Firstly,the motility and fertility of the frozen semen thawed by different dilutions were compared;Then,the motility of the frozen semen was compared when the pellets were thawed using different tube and different number.Finally,the motility and fertility of the sperm thawed by three kinds of thawing devices (thermostat water bath,hotfunnel and hotplate ) were tested. The results showed that:①There was similar order of the sperm motility and fertility in the different dilution groups (LR > F > B > L),and there was significant difference among those groups (P < 0.05).②The motility was the best when the frozen semen was thawed with large thin-wall glass tube at 60℃.③The best temperature range of the 3 devices was different. The highest motility for thermostat water bath was 50 to 60℃ (0.51 to 0.59),and thermostat hotfunnel was 40 to 45℃ (0.42 to 0.46),while thermostat hotplate was 50 to 55℃ (0.61 to 0.63).There was no significant difference of the motility in the optimum temperature range for each device (P > 0.05).④The fertility of the different devices in their best thawing temperature was 26.91% (55℃,thermostat hotplate),23.08% (60℃, thermostat water bath), 20.93% (40℃, thermostat funnel),respectively,and there was no significant differences among those groups (P > 0.05).Therefore,the efficiency thawing condition for the Black Silkies frozen semen was the LR diluent,DMA cryoprotectant,pellet freezing,thawed in the thermostat hotplate at 54.9℃.     

Etiological Investigation of Diarrhea in Newborn Piglets and Molecular Characterization and Genetic Variation Analysis of ORF3 Gene of PEDV in North Guangdong

In order to understand the main pathogen of newborn piglets diarrhea in North Guangdong region, 31 diarrhea samples were collected from six pig farms in North Guangdong, the pathogen of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) were detected by Real-time RT-PCR, meanwhile, ORF3 gene of PEDV amplified from positive samples were sequenced and analyzed. Pathogen detection results showed that 83.87%(26/31) samples were positive for PEDV, all herds and samples were negative for TGEV and PoRV. The sequence analysis revealed that the ORF3 gene of 5 epidemic strains of PEDV were all 675 bp, homologies of nucleotides were 98.7% to 100.0%, and homologies with reference sequences of nucleotides were 94.5% to 100.0%, and some gene mutation in common nucleotides site. The results of gene phylogenetic trees showed that PEDV could be divided into two groups, PEDV genetic relationship between field strains in North Guangdong and some regions in China, Southeast Asia, North America, Europe from 2013 to 2015 was closer, classed as a gene subgroup, from 2011 to 2012 main epidemic strains in our country and vaccine strains classed as other two gene subgroups. These results indicated that PEDV infection was the main pathogen of newborn piglets diarrhea in North Guangdong region, as time passed, the PEDV epidemic strains gene presented a tendency of evolution and variation.     

致弱过程中高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HuN4株部分生物学特性的研究

为了研制高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)弱毒疫苗,将高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)HuN4株进行了致弱驯化,在Marc-145细胞上对其进行了3次蚀斑克隆和连续传代.该毒株的病变速度随着代次增高逐渐加快,传至80代以后其病毒滴度达到最高并保持稳定;电镜观察发现低代次病毒粒子形态以棒状为主,高代次病毒粒子形态以球形为主;蚀斑形态比较发现低代次病毒形成的蚀斑大小不一,而高代次病毒形成的蚀斑大小均一;序列分析和病毒抗原性分析表明HuN4株传代过程中GP5蛋白羧基端1个主要抗原表位(196QWGRL200)发生突变即196Q突变为196R,针对该表位的单克隆抗体只与HuN4株低代次病毒反应而不与高代次病毒反应.以上结果表明:在Marc-145细胞上经蚀斑克隆和连续传代致使HP-PRRSV HuN4株部分生物学特性发生改变,这些特性的改变在病毒弱化过程中的作用还有待进一步的研究.     

免疫胶体金技术诊断日本血吸虫病的研究进展

血吸虫病是一种分布广泛、危害严重的人畜共患寄生虫病。近年来,日本血吸虫病在我国部分地区死灰复燃,造成具大的经济损失。国内外对该病的检测技术研究较多,目前,诊断日本血吸虫病的经典方法仍是病原学诊断。文章对胶体金标记技术的基本原理、免疫胶体金的制备方法及其在免疫诊断中的常见标记对象做了简要介绍,并对免疫胶体金技术诊断日本血吸虫病的研究状况进行了综述。     

质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药机制研究进展

质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药(PMQR)基因的出现,迅速提高了细菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性,给临床细菌性疾病的治疗带来了严重的威胁。目前虽然认为喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnr)只引起低水平耐药,但低水平耐药性可使细菌数量达到出现突变所需的浓度,从而出现高水平耐药。因此,对质粒介导该类药物耐药机制的研究,及耐药基因的分子传播机制的研究不仅能指导临床合理用药,而且有助于控制耐药菌株的产生和传播。