太湖新银鱼种群摄食对小江浮游动物群落结构的影响

为探究三峡水库典型支流小江太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx taihuensis）种群摄食对浮游动物群落结构的影响,于2019年1~12月逐月对太湖新银鱼与浮游动物样品进行采集并分析太湖新银鱼胃含物组成与浮游动物群落结构特征。分析结果表明：（1）太湖新银鱼的饵料生物主要为桡足类（相对重要指数百分比（IRI%）=79.97%）,其次为枝角类（IRI%=18.86%）,轮虫占比较少（IRI%=0.001%）。（2）3至6月（太湖新银鱼春群繁殖期）太湖新银鱼生物量迅速上升,并在5、6月维持较高水平的生物量,而浮游动物群落结构呈现小型化趋势,生物量由28.93 mg/L下降至1.13 mg/L;密度由21173.39 ind./L增加至26808.23 ind./L。7月小江禁捕结束,太湖新银鱼生物量开始急剧下降,小江浮游动物中桡足类和枝角类的密度与生物量迅速升高,于8月（密度为151.98 ind./L;生物量为3.39 mg/L）达到全年最高。（3）在太湖新银鱼生物量较高的时期,由于太湖新银鱼对于枝角类和桡足类具有较强的选择性,导致水体中枝角类和桡足类生物量占比（17%~58%）显著低于其它时期（P<0.05）。由此认为,太湖新银鱼生物量与浮游动物群落结构变化存在较强的关联性,太湖新银鱼种群摄食的下行效应可能是小江浮游动物生物量下降及群落结构小型化的关键原因。明晰太湖新银鱼种群生长与浮游动物群落结构的动态变化关系可为小江水华暴发的控制与水生态健康管理提供理论依据。     

5种豆科绿肥作物种子萌发期与苗期的抗旱性研究

【目的】本文围绕绿肥作物抗旱性的研究,为筛选出适宜干旱地区的绿肥品种提供理论依据。【方法】以毛苕子（Vicia villosa）、光叶紫花苕（V. villosa var. glabresens）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）、草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）、箭筈豌豆（V. sativa）5种绿肥作物为研究对象,设置0%、5%、10%、15%和20%的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）高渗溶液模拟干旱胁迫,萌发期测定发芽率、发芽势并计算萌发指数、抗旱指数和隶属函数值,苗期测定可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量以及电导率等指标,计算隶属函数值。【结果】PEG-6000浓度为5%和10%时,除箭筈豌豆外,其他绿肥作物的发芽率均高于对照,说明低浓度的PEG-6000对种子萌发具有一定的促进作用。随着胁迫浓度的升高,5种绿肥作物的发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数及抗旱系数不断下降,根据隶属函数综合分析评估指标值得出5种绿肥种子抗旱性顺序为：紫云英>草木樨>光叶紫花苕>箭筈豌豆>毛苕子。苗期可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量及电导率与对照相比均有所升...     

去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响

为研究去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用18头16月龄、体重相近((292.35±28.71) kg)的不同去势程度筠连黄牛(全去势FCG、半去势HCG、假手术SOG),分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,根据试验期间牛舍温湿度指数(THI),分为热应激期(7、8月)和非热应激期(9月),分析去势和热应激对黄牛各指标的影响。结果表明：1)与非热应激期相比,热应激期牛舍THI、肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)去势和热应激均显著提高血清热休克蛋白70、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和雌二醇浓度(P<0.05),而睾酮、甲状腺素(T4)、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),且除血清葡萄糖、T4和LDL-C外,去势和热应激对其他血清指标存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。3)全去势和热应激均显著降低肉牛平均日增重(ADG),且存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。4)热应激期,去势显著降低粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和钙表观消化率以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0....     

黄泥田晚稻肥料效应的研究

肥料是作物增产的重要因素。在农田施肥实践中,氮、磷、钾肥最佳用量及合理配比因土壤不同而不同。为此,采用3个因子4、个不同施肥用量水平,展开了黄泥田氮磷钾肥料效应的试验,推荐了最佳施肥用量。     

2种LED灯的蓝圆鲹和竹荚鱼渔获比较

为了探索节能减排的海洋捕捞作业方式,在中国沿海海域做了白光（偏绿光）发射二极管（LED）水下灯和蓝紫光LED水下灯集鱼试验。对比2种等光能LED集鱼灯周围蓝圆鲹（Decapterus maruadsi）和竹筴鱼（Trachurus japonicus）的渔获,对渔获数据进行t检验分析表明,白光LED灯对蓝圆鲹的光诱效果显著优于蓝紫光LED灯;白光LED灯对竹筴鱼的光诱效果极显著优于蓝紫光LED灯。海上试验结果证实,在实验室水槽中所得的光诱鱼试验结果对海洋捕捞实践具有很好的指导作用。     

河湖水生态系统服务价值核算研究及应用展望

科学有效地界定河湖水生态系统服务价值评估体系与评估指标,可以促进河湖水生态的可持续发展、合理制定水资源价格、为河湖水生态系统服务价值评估提供参考,同时也为河湖水资源纳入国民经济核算体系提供借鉴,为绿色经济核算提供有力的依据。从河湖水生态系统服务功能、评估体系和评估方法等方面总结了国内外研究进展,分析了现有河湖水生态系统服务体系和评估方法的优缺点。对河湖水生态系统服务评估体系进行了优化,优化后的评估体系包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和支持服务4大类以及水资源供给、水质净化、科研教育和固碳能力等19项指标,优化了水资源供给、提供水产品、水质净化、防洪减灾、休闲娱乐、生物多样性保护等6个指标的评估方法。对河湖水生态系统服务价值核算在生态文明建设考核、生态产品价值实现机制、自然资源资产审计以及新时期河湖长制考核实施方面的应用进行了展望。下一步要制订GEP核算技术标准,建设市场化、多元化的生态产品交易体系,将水资源开发、利用及保护情况、水资源管理生态环境效益等指标纳入审计范围,建立以水生态系统为整体、以维护河湖生态系统健康为总目标、以定量评判和可操作性为抓手的新的河湖长制考核体系。     

阳澄湖养蟹网围内外轮虫群落结构的变化及分析

2008年6月至2009年5月对阳澄湖养蟹网围及湖区3组对照点中轮虫群落结构及部分水质特征参数进行调查,分析了轮虫群落结构与环境变量的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到轮虫83种,隶属于12科30属。研究表明,网围内3个采样点的年平均生物密度及生物量低于湖区3个采样点,生物密度与水温呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同月份受不同环境变量的影响,除4月份外,环境变量对生物密度的影响在采样点之间无差异。相似度分析表明,网围内及相邻湖区的轮虫优势种相似性高。水质分析表明,6个采样点均为富营养化、β-α中污染水体,东湖网围C₁和中湖网围A₁2采样点程度稍轻,但6个采样点之间无显著性差异,这与用卡尔森营养状态指数得出的结果相似。     

Identification of serum differential proteins in colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma by proteomics

AIM: To investigate the associated proteins and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to define patterns of protein expressions of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. Proteins expressed differentially among groups were detected, cut out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Two-dimensional protein maps of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma were analyzed with gel-analysis software, an average of 1 672 spots in adenoma, 1 732 in early malignantly transformed adenoma were observed. 28 spots of a 1.5-fold change were found, including 15 proteins down-regulated and 13 up-regulated in early malignantly transformed adenoma, in which 23 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, the rate of identification was 82.14%. 13 differential proteins were attained, 8 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated, which was classified to 6 categories, including protease inhibitor, complement, immunoglobulin, keratoproteins, signal transduction protein and function-unknown proteins. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum proteins in early malignantly transformed adenoma from adenoma can be identified by proteomic technology. Proteins detected in the study may provide new biomarkers correlated with biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.     

Effects of apolipoprotein (a) on vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and cell signal transduction pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect and the mechanism of apolipoprotein (a) ［apo (a)］ on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: All VSMCs used in experiments were serial subcultured from primary cells and were identified by immunohistochemistry staining of α-actin. Cell growth assay was observed as cell counting and MTT assay. Western blotting was also employed to detect the related mechanism. RESULTS: All cells used in experiments were confirmed as VSMCs. Although apo (a) enhanced VSMCs proliferation, this effect was attenuated by anti-integrin αⅤβ3, LM609. Use these reagents alone had no effect on VSMCs growth. The results of Western blotting demonstrated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was activated by apo (a) and the expression of total or phosphorylated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was also decreased. However, these effects described above were all blocked by LM609. CONCLUSION: Apolipoprotein (a) enhances VSMCs proliferation and this effect is mediated by integrin αⅤβ3, which activates FAK and attenuates TGF-β1 and phospho-TGF-β1 expression.     

不同基质及生根剂浓度对五种园林植物扦插生根的影响

以5种园林植物为材料,进行不同基质与不同生根剂浓度对植物扦插生根的比较研究.结果表明:月季、大叶黄杨最适宜的基质是河沙,小叶女贞、八角金盘最适宜的基质是珍珠岩,鹅掌柴最适宜的基质是混合基质.月季、大叶黄杨最合适的生根剂浓度为3 000 mg/kg,小叶女贞最合适的生根剂浓度为5000mg/kg,八角金盘、鹅掌柴最合适的生根剂浓度为1000mg/kg.