虫草素预防肥胖及通过ADORA1介导GH3细胞中泌乳素分泌研究

为了研究虫草素是否具有预防肥胖的作用及其可能机制,试验利用高脂饮食诱导肥胖型高脂血症大鼠动物模型,并给予高、中、低不同剂量（50、25、12.5 mg/（kg·d））的虫草素,连续灌胃35 d后观察大鼠体重、脂肪系数、血脂水平的变化;体外培养大鼠脑垂体瘤细胞（GH3）,通过CCK8、Western blotting、ELISA等方法检测虫草素对GH3细胞的增殖毒性,以及腺苷受体A₁（ADORA₁）的表达和对泌乳素分泌量的影响。体内试验结果显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重、脂肪系数和血脂水平（高密度脂蛋白（HDL）除外）均极显著升高（P<0.01）;虫草素高、中、低各剂量组均能极显著或显著降低大鼠体重、脂肪系数及总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平（P<0.01;P<0.05）,但HDL水平仅在虫草素高剂量组中显著升高（P<0.05）,而虫草素中、低剂量组均无显著变化（P>0.05）;体外试验结果显示,虫草素浓度低于25 μg/mL时对GH3细胞增殖无影响;虫草素能够诱导GH3细胞ADORA₁表达升高;虫草素和ADORA₁激动剂（R-PIA）单独作用能显著或极显著降低泌乳素的分泌量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,虫草素与ADORA₁抑制剂（DPCPX）联合作用时能够在一定程度上阻断虫草素对泌乳素的抑制作用。结果表明,虫草素具有预防肥胖和降血脂的作用,其可能的作用机制是通过诱导ADORA₁表达抑制泌乳素的分泌,该研究结果将为虫草素作为一种潜在的减肥降脂药物的开发提供一定依据。     

The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA–TA4–IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina

The immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA–TA4–IL-2 of Eimeria tenella, including route, dose, time of immunization and age of primary immunization of chicken, was optimized. The stability and the cross-species protection of the vaccine were also analyzed. Efficacy of immunization was evaluated on the basis of oocyst decrease ratio, lesion score, body-weight gain and the anti-coccidial index (ACI). Chinese Yellow chickens were randomly distributed into corresponding groups (30/group). The challenged, unchallenged and vector control groups were designed. The results illustrated that 25 μg was the optimal dose and intramuscular injection was the most effective route to induce protective immunity. There were no significant differences of ACIs between boosting and non-boosting groups. Storage time and temperature had little effect on the immunizing efficacy of the vaccine. The vaccine could provide partial cross-protection against the challenge with E. necatrix and E. acervulina, but not with E. maxima.     

28～56日龄湘黄鸡真可消化钙需要量的研究

在研究了28-56日龄黄鸡的真可消化钙需要量。采用单因子试验设计,将400只健康1日龄的黄鸡随机分成5个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复16只鸡。以磷酸氢钙和石粉为真可消化钙的来源,分别设置了0.28%、0.38%、0.48%、0.58%和0.68%五个真可消化钙水平,进行了为期28d的养殖试验。结果表明,随着钙水平的增加,采食量和日增重有显著下降的趋势,料肉比则为先减少后增加的趋势。湘黄鸡的真可消化钙需要量,当分别以生长性能、最大胫骨灰份和最大胫骨折断力为评定指标时,分别为：0.38%,0.41%和0.45%。     

Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.     

河南省部分地区乳牛隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查

为进一步掌握乳牛隐孢子虫病在河南省的流行动态,从河南省郑州、开封、济源和鹤壁4个地区9个奶牛场采集12月龄以内的乳牛粪便样品582份,用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法进行检测。结果显示,隐孢子虫总感染率为26．12％（152／582）。其中,断乳前犊牛（5日龄至2月龄）隐孢子虫感染率为30．91％（51／165）,断乳后犊牛（3～12月龄）感染率为24．22％（101／417）。依据形态数值初步鉴定为2种隐孢子虫,即微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫。微小隐孢子虫在断乳前犊牛阳性样品中的比率为50．98％（26／51）,在断乳后乳牛阳性样品中的比率为9．90％（10／101）。另外,饲养方式（断乳前犊牛单独隔离饲养和未隔离饲养）对断乳前犊牛2种隐孢子虫的感染率有显著影响。     

不同生境下陌上菜的形态解剖学比较

本研究首次采用GMA切片等方法对不同生境下陌上菜的形态结构进行了深入的研究。结果显示,陌上菜种苗发育具有水生植物的特征:种子及种苗需浸水萌发及发育,具下胚轴毛,胚根发育迟缓。成株的营养器官兼具水生及陆生植物的结构特征:完全陆生的植株和湿生植株的气生部位具有较厚角质层,发达的机械组织及较发达的通气组织。完全水生的植株和湿生植株浸水部位的角质层和机械组织不发达,但通气组织非常发达。生殖器官:完全陆生和湿生的植株具有闭锁和开放2种类型的花,而完全水生的植株仅具闭锁花,从而保证了这一物种在不同生境下均能正常结实。此外,陌上菜具有特立中央胎座。本研究首次揭示了陌上菜在不同生境下种苗发育、营养器官及生殖器官结构的变化,完善了陌上菜的形态学,为进一步研究母草科的系统学提供了形态学依据。     

蜜蜂秋季管理要点

科学合理的蜜蜂秋季管理,不仅可以使蜜蜂安全越冬,还能促使蜜蜂来年早春的春繁顺利进行。为了向广大蜂业工作者提供一个全面的蜜蜂秋季管理参考资料,从蜂箱、蜂群、饲喂及病害防治4个方面入手,对蜜蜂的秋季管理要点进行整合。     

江西地方品种水牛产肉性能及肉品质分析研究

对18～24月龄鄱阳湖、峡江和信丰山地3个江西地方品种水牛各3头,进行肉用性能和牛肉主要营养养分的测定分析。结果表明,水牛肌肉肉色符合标准,且无PSE肉、DFD肉产生,符合优质肉牛标准;鄱阳湖水牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率、Fe含量、Zn含量较高,显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;鄱阳湖水牛18种氨基酸含量除酪氨酸外均高于其它2个地方品种,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸及胱氨酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸、甜鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;牛肉脂肪酸中花生酸含量在品种间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而其它各种脂肪酸含量、硬脂肪酸总含量和不饱和脂肪总含量在品种间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

河西地区发展草产业集群的路径研究

通过对草产业集群的经济功效与形成路径的研究,认为虽然产业集群一般都是自发形成的,但政府培育仍然可以发挥出较好的引导效果.论文同时对政府引导产业集群形成的路径进行了探讨.