我国秦川牛等四品种黄牛屠宰试验报告

本屠宰试验所用良种黄牛品种系鲁西牛(25头)、秦川牛(29头)、晋南牛(28头)、南阳牛(26头)4个品种共108头。屠宰前平均活重(未停水停食处理)为554.15±67.6kg;屠宰率达63.30±1.84％;净肉率为53.65±2.34％;可供4～5星级饭店的高档牛肉重约占活重的5.2％,其产值却可占总产值的46％以上。经北京市4～5星级饭店品尝、试用、使用,各用户一致认为牛肉品质已达到进口的同类产品的最优等级,完全可以取代进口牛肉。     

不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布特征及差异分析

以8个苦荞品种为试验材料,研究不同苦荞品种花和籽粒在植株不同部位的分布特征及差异。结果表明,不同苦荞品种花和籽粒总数存在显著差异,其中川荞2号总花数、总籽粒数最高,分别为3 046.6和1 367.8,而川荞1号最少,分别为1 017.6和487.2,品种间总花数和总籽粒数变异系数分别为34.8%、29.0%。不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布呈现相同趋势,均主要分布于分枝上,分别占整株的76.3%和74.2%以上,且均显著高于主茎,分别高68.7%~87.0%和65.2%~84.5%。生产上可通过调控分枝的有效籽粒数来提高苦荞产量。     

GC-MS鉴定叶绿素皂化母液提取物

本文报道GC-MS鉴定莫合烟叶叶绿素皂化母液提取物。分离出75个组份,鉴定其中主要组份为叶绿醇,含量13.18％;十六碳醛,含量11.52％;6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮,含量6.24％;3-甲基戊酸乙酯,含量5.05％;1-甲基戊苯,含量2.96％;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯,磷量2.03％,叶绿醇、十六碳醛,6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮和十八碳三烯酸乙酯均有利用价值。     

水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3的遗传分析和基因定位

雄性不育是水稻杂种优势利用的重要资源,对雄性不育现象的研究具有重要理论意义和实践价值。本研究以自然突变的水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3为试验材料,对其表型特征和花粉育性等进行调查,并构建遗传群体,利用分子标记对目的基因进行初步定位,然后应用基因组重测序技术对其进行精细定位。结果表明,012S-3是一个典型的无花粉普通型雄性不育材料,其不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。初步定位分析目的基因与SSR标记RM6081存在连锁关系,其遗传距离约为34.4 c M;进一步的精细定位分析,找到3个候选基因:LOC_Os07g35880、LOC_Os07g35920和LOC_Os07g35940,其中LOC_Os07g35880和LOC_Os07g35940编码β-淀粉酶,属于水稻中新发现的花粉致死基因。该不育基因的成功定位为其进一步的分离克隆及其在水稻分子设计育种中的应用奠定了基础。     

“369”牛羊高效增乳剂对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响

将泌乳期奶山羊３０只均分为试验组和对照组，试验组添加“３６９”牛羊高效增乳剂。结果表明，该增乳剂具有显著增乳效果，试验组日均产奶量高于对照组２１．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。两组间乳脂、乳糖和乳蛋白含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．试验组ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ明显升高，增长率分别达４０．７％和４７．１％，与对照组相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），且与产奶量正相关（ｒ＿（ｃＡ）＝０．９２１，ｒ＿（ｃＧ）＝０．９０３）．甲氧氯普胺在乳中残留量很低，平均１．６１μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）试验组隐性乳房炎阳性率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

中国泰和乌骨鸡MHC与其繁殖性能相关的研究

实验采用四种限制性内切酶（ＨｈａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＶ、ＨａｅⅢ、Ｘｂａｉ）,运用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰＳ的方法,研究了泰和乌骨鸡ＭＨＣ分子遗传多态笥,探讨了各基因型与繁殖性能的相关关系,结果表明：四种酶切区别的Ｂ－ＬＩＩＢβ１外元的多态笥及ＭＨＣ基因组合型对蛋重及受精蛋孵化率影响差异均不显著。ＥｃｏＲＶ及ＸｂａＩ酶切多态性对产蛋数的多态性及ＭＨＣ基因组合型对蛋重及受精蛋孵化率影响差异均不显著。ＥｃｏＲＶ及Ｘｂ     

苯甲酸在松材线虫病中的作用

在室内条件下,初步研究苯甲酸对松树和松材线虫病的作用.用不同浓度的苯甲酸溶液分别处理松枝,显示低浓度苯甲酸溶液能显著延长松枝的存活期,高浓度苯甲酸溶液处理的松枝针叶出现褐变现象,但对松枝的存活期没有影响,其症状与松材线虫病不同.分别用1.0 mmol·L-1的苯甲酸溶液和自来水培养接种松材线虫的松枝,在用苯甲酸溶液处理的接种松枝中,虽然松材线虫仍能大量增殖,但与用自来水培养的接种松枝相比,其蒸腾强度显著增强,失水萎蔫程度显著降低,存活期显著延长,这说明苯甲酸在松材线虫病树中可能起着抑制与病害相关的致病菌或提高松树抗病能力的作用.     

Minimally invasive evaluation of the anaesthetic efficacy of MS‐222 for ornamental discus fish using skin mucus biomarkers

Skin mucus has been demonstrated to provide stress biomarkers for evaluating the physiological status, providing new convenient and non‐invasive methods to detect stress response in fish. Here, we investigated the anaesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222; 75–115 mg/L) for discus Symphysodon aequifasciata (34.27 ± 4.46 g; 8.10 ± 0.59 cm) using skin mucus stress biomarkers. The induction time, recovery time and respiratory frequency were also determined. According to the criteria for anaesthesia and recovery, discus fish to reach stage A3 (deep anaesthesia) within 3 min and to reach stage R4 (full recovery of normal behaviour) within 5 min were observed at 95–105 mg/L MS‐222. Respiratory frequency increased first and then decreased during MS‐222 exposure and increased after recovery. At 10 min after deep anaesthesia, a lower mucus glucose was only observed at 115 mg/L MS‐222. No change in mucus cortisol and increased lactate were observed in all treatments. Increased mucus protein was observed at 75, 85 and 95 mg/L MS‐222. At 10 min after recovery, increased mucus glucose and decreased mucus protein were observed at 85, 95 and 115 mg/L MS‐222, but increased mucus cortisol only at 115 mg/L and lactate only at 75 and 105 mg/L MS‐222. At 24 hr after recovery, mucus glucose returned to the initial level only at 75, 95 and 105 mg/L MS‐222, while cortisol at 75 and 85 mg/L and protein and lactate at 75 mg/L respectively. Overall, the effective dose of MS‐222 for discus fish has been suggested to be 95–105 mg/L.     

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau transect, China

The undisturbed regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway crossing the natural zones of montane desert, alpine meadow-steppe, and montane shrub-coniferous forest were chosen as the study areas. Soil samples were collected at 23 sites and the relations between the influencing factors and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) content were studied. The results indicated that the order of SOC content for the whole soil profile with different vegetations and in the horizontal direction was shown as below: forest>shrub>meadow>steppe>desert. All the SOC contents of the top 10 cm soil layers of forest, shrub and meadow vegetations, as well as that of the top 20 cm soil layers in steppe, in the vertical direction, were higher than those of corresponding lower soil layers. However, the SOC content in the desert soil was in accordance. The grey correlative analysis between the climatic factors and SOC content in the top soil show that precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting the distribution of SOC in the Tibetan Plateau transect. The influence of precipitation on the horizontal distribution of SOC decreased with the increase of precipitation in the horizontal direction. The vertical distribution of SOC along the soil profile was greatly affected by precipitation or the soil clay content in top soil layers, and was clearly influenced by soil silt content or sand content in lower soil layers, as well. The influences of both soil bulk density and soil pH on the vertical distribution of SOC along the soil profile gradually declined. The plant biomass was the most important biotic factors affecting the distribution of the SOC. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture & Life Sciences), 2007, 33(4): 443–449 [译自: 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)]     

新建茶园不同间作模式及覆盖遮阴效应比较研究——种植模式Ⅰ:茶行东西走向

研究了在东西走向的茶行中分别间作玉米、大豆、玉米+大豆以及覆盖遮阴对新建茶园生态环境、茶籽萌发、茶苗生长以及光合作用的影响。结果表明:⑴茶行东西走向以间作大豆的效果最好。间作大豆的茶园温度可降低3.1～3.6℃,光照强度降低86.4%～90.4%,日均相对湿度增加10.6%,土壤含水量增加13.0%,日均光合速率为对照的2.7倍,茶苗成活率、株高、茎粗、单株叶面积分别增加32.3%、60.5%、33.1%2、18.9%。⑵与覆盖遮阴相比,间作更能提高茶园的空气湿度。