Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。     

贵州山地烤烟种植制度对黄壤农田肥力的影响

为探究不同烤烟种植制度对贵州山地黄壤理化性质和生物学指标的影响,本研究以贵州省植烟土壤肥力与肥料效益监测基地10年(2008～2017年)长期定位施肥试验为平台,系统分析了烤烟-冬闲-烤烟连作(NR)与烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作(R)两种种植制度对该地区黄壤农田养分、容重、孔隙度及微生物数量的影响。研究结果表明,与NR处理相比,R处理能够减缓土壤中氮、磷、钾全量和速效形态养分含量的累积强度,减少土壤有机碳的损失,缓解因施用化肥导致的土壤酸化,稳定土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量构成,但对土壤容重和孔隙度无显著影响。因此,本研究推荐在黄壤农田中采用烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作制度,以促进其可持续利用。研究结果同时也为贵州山地烤烟种植制度下的施肥管理及养分利用提供了理论依据。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定乳粉中铅的检出限方法优化

对电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测铅的检出限进行研究,通过对实验过程中所用器皿、试剂等因素进行分?析,建立超声清洗处理方式,有效降低空白值,使电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法测定乳粉中铅的检出限由0.02 mg/kg降?低到0.005 mg/kg。当铅的添加水平为0.005～0.015 mg/kg时,样品的加标回收率为86.9%～119.0%,相对标准偏差为?3.1%～12.3%,满足方法学验证要求,说明了整体方案的可行性。降低检出限后的方法适用于乳粉中铅的检测。     

陕西省动物研究所馆藏标本现状及分析

陕西省动物研究所现有馆藏标本5万余份,是秦岭地区野生动物保护及研究的重要参考资料。为加强标本管理,提高标本使用效率,我们在2008年4月至2009年6月对所内馆藏标本进行了系统分类整理,分析总结了馆藏标本的现实状况并就存在的问题进行了探讨,为标本数字化共享平台建设奠定了基础,并为今后科研院校在动物学研究领域的交流与合作奠定基础。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中三氯蔗糖

建立乳制品中三氯蔗糖的固相萃取高效液相色谱检测方法.采用0.2％乙酸水溶液沉淀蛋白,提取三氯蔗糖,然后通过C18固相萃取柱进行净化浓缩后,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测仪进行检测,该方法0.1～0.8g/L范围内以三氯蔗糖进样质量的对数和相应峰面积的对数做标准曲线,R2为0.9991,相关性良好,加标回收率在94％～102％之间,检出限为2.0mg/L(RSN=3).     

花生油乳液稳定特性研究

本实验研究了三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(C-18A)、四聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(D-18A)、六聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(F-18A)、六聚甘油六硬脂酸酯(F-18F)、卵磷脂、分子蒸馏单甘酯(单甘酯)和两种蔗糖酯(SE11、SE15)共八种常用的非离子型乳化剂对花生油O/W型乳状液的表面张力及粒径的影响,并采用Box-Behnken响应面设计.以脂肪上浮速率为响应值,对乳化剂进行了复配.结果表明,八种乳化剂中卵磷脂及单甘酯在降低乳液表面张力方面效果最好,SE11及SE15在降低乳液粒径方面效果最好(P<0.05).响应面中各因素对乳液脂肪上浮速率影响的显著程度依次为SE15、卵磷脂、单甘酯,最佳乳化剂配方为单甘5g/L、卵磷脂7g/L、SE15 5g/L,该配方下乳状液的脂肪上浮速率为0.1643%/s.     

家蚕雌蛾交配时间早迟与产卵的关系调查

为了解家蚕雌蛾交配时间早迟与产卵的关系,对家蚕雌蛾羽化后1～5h交配对产卵速度、产卵量和卵质的影响进行了研究,结果表明:雌蛾羽化后4～5h交配的雌蛾产卵速度快、产卵量最多、不良卵最少。     

Effects of Estradioi and Progesterone on the Numbers and Distribution of Mastocytes in the Uterus of Ovariectomized Rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol （E） and progesterone （P） on mastocyte distribution in the uterus of ovari- ectomized rats. Thirty-five adult female rats were divided randomly into seven groups：one sham operated control group （ SHAM ） ; one ovariectomized group （OVX） ;three ovariectomized plus E treatment grouPs （OVX ＋E 20,100,or 500 μg/kg body weight · d） ; and two ovariectomized plus P groups （ OVX ＋ P 2 or 10 mg/kg body weight · d）. Seven days after treatment, the contents of estradiol and progesterone in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay, and mastocytes in the uterus were stained by toluidine blue staining. Results were as following： （1） Compared to ovariectomized rat, the concent ration of estradiol in serum increased by 97. 13 % in OVX ＋ E 20 （P 〈 0.05）,204. 84 % in OVX＋E 100 （P〈0.05）,and 936.45 % in OVX ＋ E500 group （P〈0.05）;the progesterone concent ration increased by 77.25 % in OVX ＋P 2 （P 〈0.05） and 235.25 %in OVX ＋P 10 group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2） Compared to ovariectomized rat, the number of mast cells in uteri decreased by 32.65% in OVX ＋E 20,64.50 % in OVX ＋E 100 （P〈0.05）,74.49 % in OVX＋E500 （P〈0.05） and 70.67 % in OVX ＋P 10 groups （P〈0.05）. However, the number of mast cells increased by 66.73% in OVX ＋ P 2 group （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared with OVX. The trend of mast cells number in the rat uterus was decreased gradually with the increase of estrogen or progesterone concent ration. The number of mast cells in ovariectomized rat uterus was affected by estrogen or progesterone. These results demonstrated that estrogen or progesterone directly affected the number of mast cells in the uterus of rat.     

鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期凋亡相关蛋白的免疫组化分析

研究天府肉鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达。将20只天府肉鸭分为4组,即24天胚龄(E24),胚后3、8、29周龄(P3、P8、P29),采用免疫组化技术。结果显示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL在各组滤泡淋巴细胞中均有表达,FasL还表达于滤泡间上皮。滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率呈递减的变化趋势(髓质P3～8除外);皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8恒定,P29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2/Bax值呈下降趋势,但皮质在P3～8恒定,髓质在P3～8上升;滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Fas阳性率在E24～P3上升,P3～8下降,P8～29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞FasL阳性率变化规律与Fas相似,但皮质在P3～8恒定。滤泡皮质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率及Bcl-2/Bax值在E24～P8明显高于髓质,在P29则显著低于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8与髓质无显著差异,在P29则明显高于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Fas和FasL阳性率在E24～P8明显低于髓质,在P29则显著高于髓质。结果提示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL是鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚...