油松人工林水分平衡与蒸散特点的研究

油松(Pinus tabulaeformiss Carr)是华北地区的重要造林树种之一,在许多地方由于水分缺乏而生长不良。为此,在1 983-1984年,我们选择有代表性的中龄人工林,应用水文学方法     

蒸汽爆破法在林产工业中应用的进展

本文介绍了蒸汽爆破法应用于木材生物资源转换和改善木材渗透性的原理、装置、条件、方式及存在的问题,并指出其利用前景和今后的研究方向。     

中国茎峰科分类研究──Ⅱ简脉茎蜂属（Janus Stephens）及其近缘属（膜翅目：茎蜂科：哈茎蜂族）

记述了中国简脉茎蜂属６种，含２新种，张茎蜂属１种；藏茎蜂属，１新属新种；总计３属８种．新属和新种的模式标本保存于中南林学院环境与资源系昆虫标本室．还编制了简脉茎蜂属东亚区已知检索表及哈茎蜂族已知属检索表．     

西府海棠幼苗根内可溶性糖含量对VA菌根侵染的影响

为研究根内可溶性糖含量对ＶＡ菌根侵染的影响,以西府海棠幼苗为试材,进行摘叶和环割处理,采用酸性品红染料－方格交叉法测定力根侵染率,滴定法测定每处理叶片和根系中可溶性糖含量。结果表明,接种处理苗高,茎叶和根系鲜重均显著高于不接种处理;环割和摘叶处理降低了根内可溶性糖含量,且菌根侵染率随根内可溶性糖含量的降低而降低。     

Biocycle of nitrogen in a Cyclobalanopsis glauca-dominated evergreen broad-leaved forest in East China

The nitrogen (N) cycling was elucidated in a 40-year-old subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Cyclobalanopsis glauca growing on red soil in Zhejiang Province, East China. The concentrations of N in the representative species ranged from 0.49% to 1.64%, the order of which in various layers was liana and herb layers > understory layer > tree and subtree layers; in various organs was leaf > branch > root > trunk; and aboveground parts > underground parts. The sequence of the concentrations of N in C. glauca was understory > tree > subtree layer; young and high-growing > old organs; reproductive > vegetative organs. Seasonal dynamics of the concentrations of N in C. glauca in the tree and subtree layers was comparatively stable. It was lower in autumn (October) in root, branch, and leaf in the tree layer, and low in January in the understory. There was no evident change in regularity of the concentrations of N in varying diameter classes. The concentrations of N in the litterfall, precipitation, throughfall, litter layer, and soil were 0.74%–2.30%, 0.000,038%, 0.000,09%, 1.94%, and 0.59%, respectively. The standing crop of N in the plant community was 1,025.28 kg/hm², accumulation in the litter layer was 224.88 kg/hm², and reserve in the soil was 55,151 kg/hm². Annual retention of N was 119.47 kg/hm², return was about 84.13 kg/hm², among which litterfall was 78.49 kg/hm² and throughfall, 5.64 kg/hm². Annual absorption of N was 203.60 kg/hm². Annual input of N through incident precipitation was 4.88 kg/hm². Compared with other forest types, cycling rate of N in the community was lower than in deciduous broad-leaved forests, rain forests, and mangroves, and was moderate in evergreen broad-leaved forests. N use efficiency of this forest was moderate among the forest types cited. According to the characteristics of the biocycle of phosphorous, it was concluded that N availability in the soil of this forest was not lower, and phosphorous not N was the limiting factor in the growth of plants in this community. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(4): 740–748 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(4): 740–748]     

干旱地区覆膜造林的抗旱效果研究

通过试验对覆膜造林的抗旱效果进行了研究,结果表明:覆膜对土壤起到了明显的保水作用,覆膜造林区各层土壤含水量较对照区均有显著提高;覆膜造林地的地温较对照均有提高,日地温均值比对照区提高0.7~1.6℃;覆膜区域出苗时间相较于对照区缩短3d,成活率提高了54.5%,苗高生长量提高了149%,地径生长量提高了108%。     

Quantifying effect of tassels on near-ground maize canopy RGB images using deep learning segmentation algorithm

Precision Agriculture - Vegetation indexes (VIs) are a key variable for monitoring the crop growth and estimating crop productivity. The spectral traits of the tassels were significantly different...     

PHANTOM 4 RTK+大疆像控处理技术在燕麦长势模拟中的应用

【目的】 利用小型消费级无人机航拍获取地物影像,通过地物阴影、高度差、色差快速提取地物,进而获取地物结构信息。【方法】 文章选取云南省曲靖市会泽县的大桥乡为研究区域,针对冬闲田闲置土地资源、种植结构相对单一的区域展开试验,利用高分辨率无人机遥感影像对燕麦进行识别,同时结合超声波传感器数据估算地物高度,并与实际高度和无人机生成的传统测高方法得到的高度进行相关性分析,获取高精度、可靠性强的数据。【结果】 基于可见光燕麦的总体分类精度为91.46%,Kappa系数为0.857,在增加DSM数据后的分类总体精度为98.91%,Kappa系数为0.982。研究表明由无人机获取的代表燕麦冠层高度信息的DSM数据能够显著提升燕麦的识别效果。相对于传统无人机测高方法生成数字表面模型提取地物高度的方法,依赖于光谱和高程信息识别地物信息的方法在计算地物高度时,精度更高,识别结果更可靠。【结论】 该文提出的小型消费级无人机利用地物阴影计算燕麦高度的方法,改进了相机镜头光心地位和RTK天线中心点地位补偿作用,打通了RTK模块、飞控模块及相机云台模块之间的通讯,能够应用于实际准确获取影像地位信息,为无人机遥感快速、准确地获取地物高度信息提供了一种新的思路。     

苜蓿智慧管理研究进展与应用

【目的】 结合现有苜蓿智慧管理研究进展,提出基于小型无人机+超声波检测在苜蓿智慧管理上的具体应用,为精准农业和苜蓿规模化生产的远程诊断提供思路。【方法】 文章以苜蓿为研究对象,以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市谢尔塔拉农牧场为研究区,在总结归纳当前苜蓿智慧管理研究及应用现状的基础上,进行了无人机+超声波的苜蓿田数据采集及应用。【结果】 研究进展表明与卫星相比,无人机在农作物识别与长势估算中,识别精度和速度表现出明显优势,苜蓿智慧管理的前提是数据的获取与分析,从无人机获取的代表苜蓿冠层高度信息的DSM数据能够显著提升苜蓿识别精度、苜蓿形态三维建模、苜蓿相对高度估算等方面,实时获取苜蓿生长过程中的相关参数使结果更为可靠。【结论】 该文总结现阶段苜蓿智慧管理研究进展,归纳现有研究成果的优势与不足,提出结合无人机采集的高分辨率图像和超声传感器,对不同状况下的苜蓿进行准确数据获取的方法。基于此方法配套相应的苜蓿管理决策支持系统,将可以为用户提供苜蓿长势、产量预测和实时灌溉、施肥等管理策略。