Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,diet conversion,body chemical compositions and distal intestinal health in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora,Richardson)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the physical barrier function, pro‐inflammatory response and possible underlying mechanisms in the distal intestine (DI) of yellow drum when fed a high‐SBM diet. Three iso‐proteic and iso‐lipidic diets were formulated with fish meal (FM, the control), 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM (SBM) and 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM but supplemented with 0.15% SB (SBM + SB). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Results indicated that SB supplementation significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) and methionine content of muscle when compared with those of fish fed the SBM diet (p < .05). The morphologic histology results showed that SB dramatically improved the physical barrier structure, characterized as increases of fold height (FH) and muscular thickness (MT) (p < .05). RT‐qPCR data were accordant with morphologic histology results, in which claudin 3, claudin 4 and occludin were increased while claudin 7 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression levels were decreased (p < .05). Sodium butyrate also exerted anti‐inflammatory function, which may be attributed to the suppression of nucleus p65 protein expression. Results suggest SB can be incorporated in high‐SBM diets to ameliorate the negative consequences of alternative dietary ingredients on yellow drum physiology.     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,feed utilization,serum biochemical indices and disease resistance of juvenile shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of antimicrobial peptides at different levels (Diet 1 (0%), Diet 2 (0.1%), Diet 3 (0.2%), Diet 4 (0.4%), Diet 5 (0.6%) and Diet 6 (1%)), on growth, serum biochemical indices and antioxidant effect, feed utilization and disease resistance in Litopeneaus vannamei. There were four replicates in each group in the experiment (mean weight = 0.21 ± 0.00 g) and also fed with their respective diets for 8 weeks. Growth performance compared with the control group (0%) significantly increased at first and then decreased among treatment groups (p < .05) whereas the survival rate ranged from 78% to 96%. No significant differences were observed in terms of moisture, crude protein and ash content, but there was a significant increase in crude lipid (p < .05). In serum, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, triglyceride, glucose and total cholesterol changed as compared with 0%. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were also different from 0%. Disease resistance was increased in shrimp among treatment groups with 0.4% recording the lowest mortality percentage of 37% after the challenge test. The results from the present study suggested that supplementation of AMP at 0.4% in shrimp diet can improve growth performance, antioxidants activities and innate immune response of Pacific whiteleg shrimp.     

河鳗人工繁殖的初步研究

本文报道了自1973年以来河鳗人工繁殖研究的基本情况，包括亲鳗催熟、催产以及胚胎发育和培育等试验内容。试验结果表明，在人工催熟和水温逐渐升高的条件下，大部分亲鳗在4月上旬至5月中旬性腺成熟。从1974年至1978年总的产卵受精率为8．4％(其中流卵和产死卵者不计在内)。亲鳗自然产卵的时间一般在凌晨4时至6时20分之间，水温在18．5—24．5℃范围。产卵行为较特殊，产卵前发情时，雄鳗和雌鳗先后由池底阴暗处游至水表，沿池边环游追逐，最后在较小范围内急游产卵授精，产毕又回至池底。海水盐度在23—29．8‰范围，均能产卵受精，并孵出鳗苗。孵出后头两天的仔鳗悬于水表；第3天的仔鳗，卵黄囊大部分吸收，消化道全通，在肠内开始发现食物团，肠道内有强烈的纤毛运动，鱼体开始悬于水中，有极缓慢的下沉和上升；第4天眼球出现黑色素，晶体透明，上、下颌能启闭，有四对牙齿；第5天，肠道有蠕动波，出现肝脏原基，静止时侧卧水底；第14天，仔鳗在微流水中能不断游动，在静水中常处于水底。仔鳗养至第19天，存活434小时。     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

农田鼠害抽样技术研究

采用Iwao的方法,研究分析农田鼠害的最佳抽样数,并对常见的抽样法进行数理统计分析,从而得出最佳抽样法为平行跳跃式。在精确度为0.25,估计鼠害率为5％时,每一调查田块取样200窝,每样方5窝。     

鸡包涵体肝炎病毒山西株的分离与鉴定

为了确诊山西某鸡场疑似鸡包涵体肝炎的的病例,本研究进行了鸡包涵体肝炎病毒的分离鉴定。将病死鸡肝脏研磨,经卵黄囊途径接种6日龄SPF鸡胚,成功获得1株病毒;并经过鸡胚病变特征、RT-PCR、基因测序、BLAST分析及动物回归试验等,成功分离出1株鸡包涵体肝炎病毒。进一步证明该病例是鸡包涵体肝炎病毒感染所致。     

显齿蛇葡萄新品种——绿凤

 从中国鄂西地区生长的显齿蛇葡萄植株中选育出优良无性系‘绿凤’, 其叶含总黄酮12.9 % ,总氨基酸16.7 % , 总糖6.92 % , 维生素E 60.1 mg/ kg , 用其叶加工饮品具有保健作用。     

鱼粉品质检测电子鼻传感器阵列的多特征数据融合优化

为了提高基于仿生嗅觉的鱼粉品质检测装置的鉴别能力,该文利用自主设计的仿生嗅觉鱼粉品质检测装置,提取鱼粉样本的响应特征信息,对其传感器阵列进行多特征数据融合优化。依据各传感器对样本的响应曲线,提取传感器特征值(10×6个)构成原始特征矩阵,后对传感器阵列特征值进行归一化处理,以紧凑性作为评价特征选择方法合理性的标准,采用了3种单特征排序方法(MIC、χ^2、F-test),3种多特征排序方法(RF、LR、SVM),4种特征递减消除方法(RFRFE、SVMRFE、DTRFE、LRRFE)对不同品质的鱼粉进行分类准确率检验,得到基于随机森林的特征递减消除算法(RFRFE)的紧凑性最好,此时最佳的分类准确率为98.3%,特征数目为33个。优化后的传感器阵列特征发生了明显的变化,传感器阵列由原来的10个变为了8个,去掉了传感器TGS2620和传感器TGS2600,特征值也减少了45%。为了避免选择偏差,采用了10折交叉验证方法,再次得到了RFRFE算法具有更佳的紧凑性。该特征选择方法为利用仿生嗅觉技术鉴别其他动物源性原料样本的特征优化提供了新的方法和参考。     

2株B型副鸡禽杆菌的分离鉴定

2010年3月、2011年12月分别从北京平谷、延庆疑似鸡传染性鼻炎的病鸡体内各分离到1株细菌,根据发病鸡群的临床症状、细菌分离培养、形态观察、过氧化氢酶试验、革兰氏染色结合动物回归试验、免疫攻毒试验和PCR等方法初步鉴定为副鸡禽杆菌(Apg);同时将分离菌株送匈牙利诗华研发中心进行分型鉴定,确定为B型副鸡禽杆菌,根据分离地点将分离菌株命名为B型副鸡禽杆菌(平谷株和延庆株).通过GenBank与已经发表的Apg基因序列进行同源性比对分析,结果显示,平谷株、延庆株基因序列同源性达到99.6％,而与参考株Modesto的基因核苷酸序列同源性达到98.3％、98.8％.     

基于MK—SVR模型的小麦叶面积指数遥感反演

提出了运用多核支持向量回归(MK-SVR)算法构建小麦叶面积指数(LAI)遥感监测模型。以2010—2013年试验样点小麦拔节、孕穗、开花3期的实测LAI数据为基础,同步获取我国自主研发的环境减灾卫星HJ-CCD对该研究区域的影像数据,分析了各生育期小麦LAI与8种植被指数间的相关性。以显著相关的植被指数作为输入参数,使用MK-SVR算法构建了每个生育期的小麦LAI反演模型,即MK-SVR-LAI模型。为了评价模型,每期使用单一核支持向量回归(SK-SVR)、偏最小二乘(PLS)回归算法构建了SK-SVR-LAI、PLS-LAI模型。将模型估算LAI值和田间观测LAI值进行比对,以决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)为指标评价并比较了模型。结果表明:3个生育期MK-SVR-LAI模型的RMSE值均低于参比模型,拔节期为0.293 1,孕穗期为0.466 8,开花期为0.548 6,且该模型的R2也都最高,拔节期为0.762 4,孕穗期为0.801 8,开花期为0.668 9。