LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

玉米品种龙博士7号选育报告

龙博士7号是以自选系JS102为母本、自选系KZ-310为父本组配杂交而成的玉米优良杂交种;2012—2014年参加甘肃省中晚熟高密B组玉米区试,3 a 15点(次)产量为15 325.5～16 528.5 kg/hm2,平均15 992.5 kg/hm2,增产幅度为3.1%～7.8%。该品种具有耐密性、丰产性,适应性、抗病抗逆能力强,耐病虫害等特点,适宜在甘肃省及西北同类春播玉米区广泛种植。     

南方馒头加工中的辅料配比优化研究

为给改进实验室馒头制作和评价方法提供参考依据,以3种弱筋面粉(市售美玫牌面粉;磨自弱筋小麦品种宁麦9号和生选6号的面粉)为基础粉,采用响应面法中心组合试验设计,研究了酵母、糖、起酥油和泡打粉含量对南方馒头加工品质的影响,并建立了南方馒头感官得分与因素变量的二次回归模型方程,该模型回归显著。响应面分析结果表明,南方馒头加工中的最佳辅料配比条件为:酵母含量1.0%、糖含量15.0%、起酥油含量1.8%、泡打粉含量1.0%。在此配比条件下,3种弱筋粉制作南方馒头的感官得分预测值分别为86.5、88.3和84.5分,验证值分别为86.1、87.8和83.7分,与预测值的相对误差分别只有0.46%、0.57%和0.95%。     

Food consumption patterns in an adult urban population in Beirut, Lebanon

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, measure and assess the food consumption pattern of the adult population living in Beirut, Lebanon, and to identify inadequate or excessive intake of food groups particularly linked to non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: A cross-sectional food consumption survey was conducted in 2001. Dietary habits were assessed by means of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. SETTING: Dietary survey of the urban population (Beirut). SUBJECTS: Random sample of 444 adult subjects (aged 25-54 years) in Beirut. RESULTS: The mean consumption of food by the study population was estimated to be 3,030 g day(-1), providing an energy intake of 2,523.57 kcal day(-1). Fat contributed 38.9% to the average daily energy intake, protein 13.4% and carbohydrates 47.2%. Mean consumption of fruits and vegetables was approximately 367 g day(-1) and 45.3% of subjects consumed less than the recommended 400 g daily. Cereals contributed 324.5 g day(-1), providing 35.0% of daily energy intake, with bread being the most highly consumed (146.2 g day(-1)) in this food group. The mean intake of meat and poultry products was 91.7 g day(-1) and provided 8.8% of daily energy intake, with consumption of butchery products especially beef being the highest (47.6 g day(-1)) followed by poultry (36.1 g day(-1)). A low consumption of fish was noted (19.7 g day(-1)), with 73.6% of subjects consuming less than the recommended 2 servings of fish per week. Dairy products contributed 243.1 g day(-1) or 10.9% of daily energy intake, and milk was the least consumed dairy product (56.8% of consumers). The intake of added fats and oils, excluding those in cooked recipes, was 20.4 g day(-1); olive oil was not used in cooking but was added solely at the table and its mean intake was 5 g day(-1). The consumption of butter was low (0.86 g day(-1)) and vegetable oil was the type of fat mostly used in cooking. The average intake of alcoholic beverages was low (33.6 g day(-1)), accounting for 0.7% of total energy intake. Women had significantly higher intakes of milk, dairy products, vegetables and coffee than men (P < 0.05). The percentage of women who reported the use of low-fat items was significantly higher than that of men. Younger people (25-34 years) ate significantly more meat, sugar, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks, and consumed significantly less cooked vegetables and legumes, than older ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rather high contribution of fat to daily energy intake, the low intake of fish and the relatively high percentage of people consuming less than the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables observed in this study suggest that the adult Lebanese population is at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and other non-communicable diseases, which provides the basis for recommending increased intakes of fish, particularly fatty fish, and fruits and vegetables.     

基于GIS与GPS的中国农村精准施肥的方法研究

在利用GIS和GPS研究土壤养分空间变异的基础上,以农户作为精准施肥的单元,探讨在中国农村进行精准施肥的途径。结果表明,不同农户地块养分存在一定空间变异性,由此导致相邻农户施肥量存在差异性,而采用农户为单元的施肥推荐既可以避免土壤养分空间变异造成的推荐施肥偏差,又可考虑中国农村分散经营的实际的状况,从而使土壤养分管理更加精细化。     

甘蔗叶鞘剥离过程弹性齿运动分析与试验

通过对弹性齿运动状态的分析阐述了弹性齿在叶鞘撕裂和剥离过程中的作用机理,采用ADAMS软件对弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆的接触过程进行仿真分析,确定剥叶滚筒中心距及弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆之间的相对速度变化对叶鞘撕裂和剥离产生的影响。利用物理样机进行剥叶滚筒中心距单因素试验和剥叶滚筒转速单因素试验对运动分析结果进行验证,并通过高速摄影对仿真的结果进行验证。结果表明,剥叶滚筒中心距为310 mm,弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆接触时刻,y轴方向的线速度差为3.91~5.87 m/s时,弹性齿可沿茎秆表面向下滑动,有利于叶鞘沿着纤维方向撕裂,x轴方向的线速度差为4.61~7.54 m/s时,弹性齿在甘蔗轴线方向可以持续滑动,有利于对叶鞘造成刮擦脱离,综合剥叶效果为含杂率低于7%、茎秆折断率低于15%。弹性齿与茎秆分离时刻,由于弹性恢复产生线速度突变,相对速度差增大4~5倍,有利于将叶鞘从茎秆上撕扯脱落。     

逆向云在垩白识别中的应

在云理论的基础上提出了一种无需人工干预的垩白识别方法.在此方法中,把垩白与非垩白定义为两个定性概念,以一个不对称云和一个对称云来表达垩白与非垩白,以两组数字特征分别描述垩白云与非垩白云.首先,利用动态阈值算法获得训练样本,然后设计逆向云发生器实现定量到定性的转换,最后根据两个云的隶属度函数,用极大值判定法来实现垩白区与非垩白区的分离.试验结果表明,云分类法分类精度高于传统的硬分类法.     

猪的骨软骨病(“弱腿症”)(综述)

骨软骨病(osteochondrosis)是一种以骨生长板软骨(physis,growth plate carti-lage)和骨骺生长软骨(epiphyseal growth cartilage)软骨内骨化障碍为基本病理变化、以骨关节变形、运动失调和跛行为特征性临床症状的自发性软骨发育不良病(dyscho-ndrosis),国外又称之为弱腿症(leg weakness)。骨软骨病广泛发生于现代商品     

人工感染vMDV雏鸡活性氧自由基代谢变化规律的研究

实验以鸡马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡,于感染后７,１４,２８,４２和５６日龄分别检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官及主要内脏器官超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）、含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量的变化,并首次采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官淋巴细胞化学发光的动态变化。结果：（１）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官总ＳＯＤ（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性大部分检测时期均显著低于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性轻度升高（Ｐ＞０．０５）;（２）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ活性在大部分检测时期均显著低于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官ＬＰＯ含量大部分检测时期均显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（４）ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊淋巴细胞ＣＬ值在大部分检测时期显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。本实验结果表明,ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡活性氧自由基产生增多,且活性氧自由基清除系统活性下降,导致活性氧自内基在雏鸡体内蓄积,脂质过氧化作用加强。上述指标变化?     

雏鸡HVT疫苗免疫后活性氧自由基代谢变化规律的研究

本实验以火鸡疱疹病毒（ＨＶＴ）疫苗免疫１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡,于免疫后７,１４,２８,４２和５６日龄分别检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官及主要内脏器官超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ、Ｏ）含量,并首次采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官淋巴细胞化学发光的动态变化。结果：（１）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡各器官总ＳＯＤ（Ｔ－ＳＯＤ）和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性在大部分检测时期均显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性轻度升高,但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;（２）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡各器官Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ活性２８、４２和５６日龄显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡多数器官ＬＯＰ含量于７、２８和５６日龄降低和显著降低（Ｐ＞０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊各免疫器官淋巴细胞ＣＬ值检测各时期增高和显著增高（Ｐ＞０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。本实验结果表明,ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫雏鸡活性氧自由基清除系统活性增强、淋巴细胞活性氧自由基生成增多,但脂质过氧化作用减弱,从而发挥ＨＶＴ疫苗的免疫增强效应和免疫保?