草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白与大肠杆菌LTB亚基植物融合表达载体的构建

根据GenBank中草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass Carp Reovirus,,CCRV)VP6蛋白的全基因序列(AF403394)和大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)的基因序列(M17874),设计并合成特异性引物,从感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)09草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),肾细胞...     

基于MODIS遥感数据计算无定河流域日蒸散

为研究无定河流域日蒸散分布规律,应用遥感数据、农业气象站测量数据及Nishida模型等对该流域日蒸散进行了模拟。首先用2001～2002年晴天中国科学院禹城生态试验站Lysimeter测量日蒸散验证模型,模拟与测量的日蒸散相关系数达到0.61。随后,用该模型计算了无定河流域日蒸散,发现无定河流域日蒸散存在较为明显的空间分布规律：2001～2003年连续3年的8月份日蒸散都表现为东北部蒸散明显小于西南部,这是因为东北部基本是荒漠而东南部多是农田,且8月份日蒸散基本在2～5 mm之间变化;从2001年8月份第222 d日蒸散空间分布看,无定河主干道两边蒸散显著高于其他位置,这是由于8月份无定河流域为多雨季节,河谷土壤水分较高的缘故;从2002年内变化来看,不同的土地利用/覆被类型日平均蒸散差别不显著。     

分子印迹-基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中4种硫代磷酸酯类农药残留量

建立了一种高效、选择性强的分子印迹-基质固相分散萃取结合高效液相色谱测定土壤中4种硫代磷酸酯类农药(毒死蜱、甲基立枯磷、甲基毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷)残留量的方法;并以甲基立枯磷为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,且n(模板分子)∶n(功能单体)=1∶4,以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用沉淀印迹聚合方法,合成了甲基立枯磷高分子印迹聚合微球(MIPs);以MIPs作为土壤样品提取液的基质固相分散吸附剂,采用HPLC检测处理后的样品,流动相为V(乙睛)∶V(0.1%乙酸水溶液)=3∶1,流速0.8 m L/min,进样量20μL,检测波长210 nm,采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温25℃。结果显示:MIPs对甲基立枯磷有特异性吸附,对其结构相似物毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷和甲基毒死蜱也具有一定的吸附性能;在0.01~5.0 mg/kg范围内,各药剂的质量浓度与相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.997 5~0.999 8;4种硫代磷酸酯类有机磷杀虫剂的检出限(LOD)为0.452~1.226μg/kg;添加回收率为76%~96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~7.3%。该方法可用于土壤中硫代磷酸酯类有机磷杀虫剂残留量的测定。     

Physiological metabolism of Haliotis discus hannai Ino under different light qualities and cycles

The goal of this experiment was to examine the effects of different light qualities (red, white, blue) and cycles (12L:12D, 8L:16D, 4L:20D, 0L:24D, 16L:8D) on the survival, growth, metabolism and antioxidant defence system of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Under red and white light at 4L:20D, the body weight‐specific growth rate of abalones was significantly higher than that of the 0L:24D group (P < 0.05). At 16L:8D, succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased and lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity and the lactic acid content significantly rose (P < 0.05) in the red and white light groups. Under blue light, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content for each light cycle were significantly higher than those of the red and white groups (P < 0.05). Under blue, white and red light, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GP_X) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content gradually rose with increased duration of light exposure. Under red light, significant differences in these parameters were detected between the 4L:20D and 16L:8D groups (P < 0.05). Under blue and white light at 16L:8D, values of T‐AOC, SOD, GP_X activity and GSH content were significantly lower than those of the 12L:12D group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that red light at light cycles of 4L:20D and 8L:16D is optimal for the culture and production of H. discus hannai, as these conditions promoted food intake, growth and health maintenance as well as normal physiological metabolism of the organism.     

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

鱼糜回收技术及其设备的开发研究

对鱼糜生产排放废水中鱼糜回收的技术工艺设备和回收鱼糜的再利用等技术进行了系统研究。结果表明,(1)废水中固形物含量1.2％～1.8％;其中鱼糜含量0.6％～1.2％(鱼糜按水分80％计);(2)pH值为5.2～5.4时,鱼糜回收率最高,在95％以上;(3)鲜度差的原料,鱼糜回收量大;(4)添加0.04％CaCl2对回收鱼糜的脱水有显著效果;(5)利用高位连续释放的方法回收鱼糜,有利于鱼糜的连续回收。     

冬季罗非鱼营养性疾病的探讨与防治

罗非鱼属热带鱼类 ,其最适生长温度在 2 5～35℃ ,生存温度 15～ 37℃ ,而致死温度在 10℃以下。在我国南方地区 (特别是两广地区 ) ,冬季平均气温在 10℃以上 ,为罗非鱼在自然条件下安全越冬提供了十分有利的条件。然而在冬季 ,许多地方还是发生了较大规模的鱼病和死亡情况。下面就南方地区冬季罗非鱼发病死亡的原因进行探讨并提出防治措施 ,以供参考。1　鱼病的流行情况与症状进入冬季 ,罗非鱼的死亡情况大多发生在气温骤然下降两、三天后 ,当气温又有所回升之时 ,其损失情况也各有不同。有些是集中大批量死亡 ,有些则是连续几天不断有死…     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对大菱鲆生长及肝脏脂肪酸的影响

在以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0、200、400、600、800、1 000和2 000 mg/kg的L-肉碱配置7种等氮等能的试验饲料.经8周的摄食生长试验,结果表明:600 mg/kg添加组大菱鲆表现出最好的特定生长率,800mg/kg添加组大菱鲆表现出最好的饲料效率.各实验组间特定生长率及饲料效率均未表现出显著差异(P＞0.05).添加不同梯度L-肉碱对大菱鲆的肥满度、脏体比及肝体比未造成显著影响(P＞ 0.05).同时,各实验组大菱鲆体组成及肝脏脂肪酸含量无显著差异(P＞ 0.05).综合考虑L-肉碱对大菱鲆生长性能及经济效益,建议在以鱼粉为主要蛋白源的大菱鲆饲料不需添加L-肉碱.     

Morphological diversity of Paramoeba perurans trophozoites and their interaction with Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., gills

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the ectoparasite Paramoeba perurans affects several cultured marine fish species worldwide. In this study, the morphology and ultrastructure of P. perurans in vitro and in vivo was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Amoebae cultures contained several different morphologies ranging from a distinct rounded cell structure and polymorphic cells with pseudopodia of different lengths and shapes. SEM studies of the gills of AGD‐affected Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., revealed the presence of enlarged swellings in affected gill filaments and fusion of adjacent lamellae. Spherical amoebae appeared to embed within the epithelium, and subsequently leave hemispherical indentations with visible fenestrations in the basolateral surface following their departure. These fenestrated structures corresponded to the presence of pseudopodia which could be seen by TEM to penetrate into the epithelium. The membrane–membrane interface contained an amorphous and slightly fibrous matrix. This suggests the existence of cellular glycocalyces and a role for extracellular products in mediating pathological changes in amoebic gill disease.     

Effect of vitamin E on spermatophore regeneration and quality of pond‐reared,black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin E in feed on the spermatophore regeneration and quality of male Penaeus monodon. The experiment was carried out with the four following treatments: the basal diet no added vitamin E, the diet added 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/kg respectively. Spermatophore regeneration and quality were evaluated by spermatophore weight, sperm count and spermatophore absence rates, which male P. monodon were extruded spermatophore for feeding 20 and 40 days. In the experiment, the weight of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group. The weight of the first regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 1,000 mg/kg group was the highest and significantly higher than the control group (p < .05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups with different levels of vitamin E. The weight of the second regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 600 mg/kg group was the highest, followed by 1,000 mg/kg group, both of which were higher than the control group and the addition of 200 mg/kg group. Within the same group, the regeneration spermatophore weight showed overall upward trend as the feeding time, twice regenerate experiment spermatophore weight with added to the vitamin E groups were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but three spermatophore weight of male shrimp at the control group had no significant difference. The sperm quantity and the percentage of normal sperm of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males with added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group, and those of the addition of 200 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). The total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp in the experimental group decreased with the increase of vitamin E in the feed. Within the same group, the total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp with added to the vitamin E groups showed overall upward trend as the feeding time and were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but the control group was slightly down and had no significant difference. Comprehensive sperm weight, sperm quantity and living sperm percentage of three indicators, that adding 200 mg/kg of vitamin E in feed could effectively promote the spermatophore regeneration in the male P. monodon and improve the sperm quantity. The experimental results provide a scientific basis for the breeding of P. monodon.