福建柏优树子代苗期性状遗传变异研究

以24个福建柏优树子代苗木为研究对象,对其生长量、生物量和根系等8个性状指标进行了方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,1年生福建柏苗木各性状之间存在丰富的遗传变异,具有改良的潜力;各性状普遍受到了中等以上的遗传控制,其中总根体积的遗传力最高,达到了0.96;苗高仅与地径、地上鲜质量、总根长、总根体积存在显著或极显著相关,地径、地上干鲜质量、地下干鲜质量、总根长与总根体积相互之间存在极显著的相关;纬度是影响生物量性状的主要地理因子。对8个性状进行主成分分析后,得到能概括所测8个性状78.23%信息的3个主成分,计算出各家系的综合得分。     

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. Eighteen ewes pregnant were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6). At 140 days, the fetal blood, allantoic fluid and kidney tissue were collected to determinate fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the fetal weight, kidney weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in RG1 group were decreased compared with the CG (P < 0.05), but the contents of β2-Microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C (Cys-C), filtered sodium excretion fraction (FENa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl radical (OH) in RG1 group were increased (P < 0.05). The impaired ovine fetal renal growth, antioxidant imbalance and dysfunction of glomerulus ultrafiltration, and the renal tubules reabsorption were induced by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy.     

黄土坡面结皮对土壤水稳性团聚体的稳定性和可蚀性的影响

为了探析微地形下土壤受雨滴打击后产生的结皮类型及团聚体组成差异。通过人工模拟降雨,研究坡面不同位置的结皮土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征、稳定性以及土壤可蚀性的变化情况。结果表明：（1）土壤水稳性团聚体以大团聚体（粒径>0.25 mm）含量为指标,原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮>0.25 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体分别占37.28%、43.58%、36.69%、40.34%;（2）以降雨历时5 min为例,原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮的水稳性团聚体的破坏率分别为：51.49%、46.00%、62.76%、51.02%;（3）原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮的水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径分别为：0.15、0.20、0.14、0.17 mm;（4）原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮土壤可蚀性K值的大小分别为：0.223、0.200、0.229、0.205。微地形下产生结皮差异使得水稳性团聚体分布有所区别,因此土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性和可蚀性存在差异。     

穿衣戴帽过新年

爱狗家族除了给自己家人添置新衣外,家中的小狗狗也受到了主人的恩惠纷纷穿上靓丽的衣服。笔者在大街小巷不时看到穿着唐装、燕尾服、旗袍、小棉背心的宠物狗神气地溜达。牵着穿着靓丽的宠物狗逛街也成为了都市女性的娱乐方式之一。     

Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L.

Previous studies showed that the yellow seed color gene of a yellow mustard was located on the A09 chromosome. In this study, the sequences of the molecular markers linked to the yellow seed color gene were analyzed, the gene was primarily mapped to an interval of 23.304 to 29.402M. Twenty genes and eight markers’ sequences in this region were selected to design the IP and SCAR primers. These primers were used to screen a BC₈S₁ population consisting of 1256 individuals. As a result, five IP and five SCAR markers were successfully developed. IP4 and Y1 were located on either side of the yellow seed color gene at a distance of 0.1 and 0.3 cM, respectively. IP1, IP2 and IP3 derived from Bra036827, Bra036828, Bra036829 separately, co-segregated with the target gene. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequences of newly developed markers showed good collinearity with those of the A09 chromosome, and that the target gene might exist between 27.079 and 27.616M. In light of annotations of the genes in this region, only Bra036828 is associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene has high similarity with the TRANSPARENT TESTA6 gene, Bra036828 was hence identified as being the gene possibly responsible for yellow seed color, in our research.     

新陆中70号的选育与栽培要点

由新疆塔里木河种业股份有限公司选育的新陆中70号(原代号TH-08-824),在2011―2012年新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟棉区域试验和2013年新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟棉生产试验中,表现出高产稳产、早熟性好、纤维品质优良的特性。本文根据新陆中70号生物学特性,提出了其栽培技术要点。     

浅议农业科研单位固定资产如何计提折旧

文章针对农业科研单位固定资产折旧作了初步分析,从固定资产计提折旧的重要性、计提方法、会计核算及存在的问题等方面进行了一些探讨。     

Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p \ 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.     

中国饲料粮消费问题探析

为了准确分析中国当前饲料粮供需情况及影响因素,首先通过供给法计算出1984—2013年的狭义饲料粮可供给数据,其次通过需求法计算中国饲料粮消费数据。推算得出饲料粮供需数据虽有差距但都呈增长趋势。中国粮食政策加剧了饲料粮供需失衡状况。因此提出相应政策建议:一是适当增加肉类产品进口并严厉打击走私;二是粮食政策在确保主粮(大米和小麦)基本自给基础上,适度进口饲料粮(主要是玉米),并在海关政策制订上将精饲料原料通盘考虑,制订考虑替代品如大麦、高粱、DDGS等在内的一揽子关税与配额政策。     

自制中药颗粒剂对腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜病理结构及养分消化率的影响

为了研究自制中药复方颗粒剂对腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜组织结构和营养消化率的影响,试验选用人工感染大肠埃希菌引起腹泻的28日龄断奶的杜长大仔猪36头,随机均分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。抗生素治疗组在饮水中添加盐酸林可霉素2.0 m L/头饮水,2次/d,连续5 d;中药复方颗粒剂治疗组在饮水中添加2.0 g/头饮水,2次/d,连续5 d。分别于用药后14 d时,每组每个重复随机抽取1头屠宰,无菌采集小肠黏膜,通过石蜡切片和HE染色观测小肠黏膜病理组织学变化。其余仔猪继续饲养14 d,采用内源指示剂法进行消化试验。结果显示,小肠黏膜组织结构:中药复方颗粒剂治疗组小肠黏膜除有少量出血外,未发现明显病理变化。抗生素治疗组小肠黏膜脱落,有广泛充血、出血;黏膜上皮细胞变性坏死;嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,有大量以淋巴细胞杯状细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润;微绒毛排列紊乱、脱落;细胞受损严重,线粒体等细胞器结构异常。养分消化率:对于有机物质、磷的消化率,各组之间无显著差异,中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对钙的消化率为57.10%,显著高于抗生素治疗组(56.10%),并与健康仔猪组(57.40%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗蛋白质的消化率为79.30%,显著高于抗生素治疗组(78.50%),并与健康仔猪组(79.20%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗纤维的消化率为48.30%,极显著高于抗生素治疗组(46.10%),并与健康仔猪组(48.20%)差异不显著。中药复方颗粒剂治疗组对粗脂肪的消化率为63.40%,极显著高于抗生素治疗组(62.10%),并与健康仔猪组(63.60%)差异不显著。结论:抗生素治疗仔猪腹泻造成小肠黏膜明显的病理变化和功能障碍,而中药治疗有利于仔猪小肠黏膜组织结构的修复,并能显著提高小肠的养分消化率。为防治仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪的生长性能提供依据。