生态清洁小流域建设经验在北京市东南郊水网工程中的应用

北京市在其东南郊水网工程建设中引入生态清洁小流域理念,把生态清洁小流域的建设管理经验应用到工程建设中,初步取得了有水则清,一水多用、循环使用,提高地下水位的效果。介绍了北京市东南郊水网工程建设的背景、目标、内容和把生态清洁小流域建管理念引入工程建设的具体做法。     

狗牙根根系分布特征及其抗拉强度试验研究

以狗牙根为研究对象,就狗牙根根系在土壤中的分布及其抗拉强度进行了初步研究。结果表明,根系密度及根系重量随土层深度(0—40 cm)的增加而减少,其规律均服从指数函数关系分布;根系抗拉力随直径增大而增大,其分布规律均可用二次函数进行拟合;根系的平均抗拉强度为39.349 MPa,约为Ⅰ级钢筋抗拉强度的17%,能产生显著的根系"加筋作用",抗拉强度随直径增大而减小,其规律服从指数函数关系分布。根据狗牙根根系分布特征及抗拉强度特性,其固土护坡作用较大。     

双孢菇菌糠生物炭吸附Pb2+机制及其环境应用潜力

为了有效去除水体中的重金属Pb~(2+),开发利用菌糠生物炭吸附剂,以双孢菇菌糠(MS)为原料,在350、550、750℃下限氧热解制备生物炭(MS350、MS550、MS750),并利用FTIR、XRD等技术对吸附前后的生物炭样品进行表征;通过批量吸附、定性和定量分析以及萃取实验,研究菌糠生物炭对Pb~(2+)的吸附特性、机理及吸附后样品的稳定性能。结果表明:随着热解温度的升高,样品的产率降低,pH值升高,芳香性增强。准二级动力学方程和Freundlich模型能够较好地符合MS350、MS550的吸附过程,而MS750以准二级动力学和Langmuir模型较好符合。相较于MS350和MS550,MS750吸附性能最好,经Langmuir模型拟合,MS750的最大吸附量为266.23 mg·g-1。溶液pH值影响生物炭的吸附性能,在pH值2.0～7.0的范围内,吸附量随溶液pH值升高而增加。机理分析表明:吸附机理包括矿物沉淀、阳离子交换、含氧官能团络合以及π电子配位;其中,矿物沉淀(CO_3~(2-), SO_4~(2-))是主要的吸附机制,其贡献率随热解温度升高而增加。萃取实验表明:经吸附后,3种生物炭上的Pb~(2+)均以酸溶态铅和非生物利用态铅为主,说明吸附后的铅具有较好稳定性能,两种形态的铅占总吸附量的大小顺序为:MS750(98.65%)MS550(95.91%)MS350(86.51%)。综合分析表明,MS750较其他温度生物炭不仅吸附性能更好,而且吸附后稳定性更强,故在环境应用上具有更大的潜力。     

中国渔政管理指挥系统总体解决方案

针对正在建设中的中国渔政管理指挥系统项目,根据渔政管理对指挥和信息的基本需求,对该系统的网络结构、应用软件和系统运行等方面的解决方案进行了研究,系统由渔业船舶管理业务系统、渔政船调度指挥与渔船海上动态监测系统、渔政执法管理信息查询系统和渔业资源环境遥感监测评估服务系统组成,分别采用了计算机网络技术、全球定位系统(GPS)技术、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、网络通讯技术以及遥感信息技术,系统网络结构采用树状和星形相结合的形式,网络各站点的通讯方式通过ISDN、ADSL和PSTN拨号接入,运行方案中各级站点具有明晰的数据流程和业务职责,解决方案符合我国渔政管理需要,技术上具有先进性和实用性的特点。     

DNA分子标记技术在食用菌研究中的应用及进展

根据近年来国内外的文献报道,对DNA分子标记技术在食用菌遗传育种、菌种和菌株鉴定、遗传多样性分析、基因定位和克隆等研究中的应用及进展进行了综述和分析.认为随着分子生物学技术的进一步发展,将有更多、更有效的分子标记在食用菌研究中得以应用,同时随着分子标记技术应用的深入,更高密度、更为实用有效的遗传连锁图谱将被建立,大量重要的功能基因将被定位和克隆,这将为进一步培育高产、优质、抗病、耐贮等食用菌新品种奠定良好的基础.     

Effect of HMGA2 gene on high glucose-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of HMGA2 down-regulation on apoptosis and Notch signaling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose (HG). METHODS:D-glucose at 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells for 2 h, and D-glucose at 30 mmol/L was used to stimulate the HK-2 cells for 10 min, 60 min and 120 min. The protein expression of HMGA2 was determined by Western blot. The HK-2 cells were divided into normal glucose (NG) group, HG group, HG+si-HMGA2 group and HG+NC group, in which siRNA was transfected by Lipofectamine^TM 2000 for 48 h. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect ROS content, and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Bcl-2. The HK-2 cells were treated with the Notch signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT, and then the cells were divided into HG group, HG+DAPT group and HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Exposure of the HK-2 cells to D-glucose at different concentrations for different time significantly increased the expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05). Compared with NG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 in HG group was increased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased, the apoptotic rate was increased, and the content of ROS was increased obviously (P<0.05). Compared with HG group, the protein expression of HMGA2, Notch1 and Hes1 of HG+si-HMGA2 group was decreased, the expression of Bcl-2/Bax was increased, the apoptotic rate was decreased, and the content of ROS was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in HG+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG group, while the apoptotic rate in HG+si-HMGA2+DAPT group was significantly lower than that in HG+DAPT group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of HMGA2 expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating Notch signaling pathway and decreasing ROS production.     

High water content silk protein-based hydrogels with tunable elasticity fabricated via a Ru(II) mediated photochemical cross-linking method

Silk is very promising in the field of biomaterials as a natural biomacromolecule. Silk protein can be made into various forms of materials, including hydrogels. However, silk protein-based hydrogels have not attracted much attention due to its weak mechanical properties. Here, we report high water content silk protein-based hydrogels with tunable elasticity which were fabricated through Ru(II) mediated photochemically cross-linking tyrosine residues in regenerated silk protein. The regenerated silk protein was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gelation kinetics of the silk protein was studied by rheology measurements. The compressive mechanical properties of the silk protein-based hydrogels was investigated using compressive tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compressive modulus of the hydrogels reached 349±64 MPa at 15 % strain. The fabricated silk protein-based hydrogels were also characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing an interconnected porous network structure, typical of hydrogels, with an average pore size of approximately 130 μm. Finally, biocompatibility of the silk protein-based hydrogels was demonstrated through cell culture studies using a human fibroblast cell line, HFL1. The reported silk protein-based hydrogels represent a promising candidate for biomaterial applications.     

栽植密度对不同种源芡实生长的影响

对不同栽植密度条件下,不同种源地芡实的生长情况进行了调查研究,结果表明:不同栽植密度间芡实的叶均直径、叶最大直径、果径、果长、果质量、粒数、粒质量均无明显差异,不同栽植密度间产量存在差异;不同种源地间8项物理性状指标均无明显差异;除果长与栽植密度的交互作用对产量无影响外,其余6种性状与栽植密度的交互作用均存在差异,表明交互作用对产量有影响。7种性状与种源地的交互作用下,种源地与产量间的关联不大。     

Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (Global-DEP): Australasian consultation report

Journal of Soils and Sediments -     

基于WSN的集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数时空分布特性

为研究集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数的时空分布特性,以云南省某规模化种猪场为试验对象,利用无线多源多点远程监测系统(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN),对地沟管道进风、中央排风式分娩母猪舍养殖环境开展了环境参数监测试验,并进行统计分析。试验结果表明,在试验期间内,分娩舍内不同时间段之间的温度(00:00-06:00、06:00-12:00、12:00-18:00以及18:00-00:00的平均温度分别为22.98、23.78、24.44和23.61℃)具有显著性差异(P0.05),相对湿度与温度随时间变化呈现负相关性,相对湿度的峰值点为82.31%,温度场分布均匀性比湿度场好,NH_3浓度分布均匀性比CO_2浓度差。NH3浓度在舍内能被有效的维持在低水平范围,各监测区域的浓度远小于指标值(20 mg/m~3),NH_3和CO_2会呈现出在边角积聚现象。温湿度指数较低,舍内平均温湿度指数(Temperature-humidity Index,THI)水平的峰值点为75.30,生猪出现热应激的概率较低。利用WSN系统,对集中通风式分娩舍环境参数进行多源多点远程监测,分析分娩舍环境参数时空分布特性,为分娩舍通风模式与环境调控策略优化设计提供参考。