Exogenous CaCl2 reduces salt stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ and increasing K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in different plant organs

In this study, we investigated the effects of 10 mM CaCl₂ on membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in different organs of sour jujube grown under 150 mM NaCl stress. Our results showed 73% leaf wilting in the Na treatment. The Na treatment significantly increased leaf superoxide (O₂^.?) production rates, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations, cell membrane permeability, MDA concentrations, and Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves. The Na treatment significantly reduced K⁺, Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots, but increased K⁺ concentrations in stems. Compared with the Na treatment, 39% of the leaves showed wilting symptoms in the Na+Ca treatment. The Na+Ca treatment significantly decreased leaf O₂^.? production rates, H₂O₂ concentrations, cell membrane permeability, and MDA concentrations. Moreover, the Na+Ca treatment (1) significantly reduced Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves; (2) significantly increased root K⁺ concentrations; (3) significantly increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratios in roots; (4) significantly increased Ca²⁺ concentrations in stems and leaves, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots. In conclusion, exogenous CaCl₂ reduces NaCl stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ concentrations and increasing K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in various plant organs.     

荞麦剥壳效果在线检测装置的设计与试验

为提高荞麦剥壳设备的自动化程度,改善以往依靠手工筛分、计算的方法得到碎米率、整米率和未剥壳率,且不能实时检测等问题,设计了一种基于图像识别技术的荞麦剥壳效果在线检测装置并进行了测试试验。该装置主要由取样机构、匀样机构、图像识别系统和气流除尘光照箱等组成。试验结果表明:碎米率均值误差为1.0 8%、整米率均值误差为-4.4 9%、未剥壳率均值误差为3.4 3%,能够较为准确地反映出荞麦加工过程中的剥壳效果。     

1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机的设计与试验

针对马铃薯垄作栽培种植中肥量需求量大、土壤疏松程度高等要求,研究设计了1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机。通过对整机结构和工作原理的阐述以及对开沟铲和覆土铧工作断面参数的理论分析,获得了机具关键部件的具体结构参数。同时,对整机的作业性能进行了田间试验,结果表明:设计的马铃薯中耕机各项试验指标均满足马铃薯中耕要求,能够一次性完成松土、除草、筑垄等作业,还兼有蓄水、保墒的作用。该研究为马铃薯中耕机的研发提供了参考。     

Validation of dual-crop coefficient method for calculation of rice evapotranspiration under drying–wetting cycle condition

Based on data collected from rice fields under drying–wetting cycle condition, the procedure of dual-crop coefficient (K _cd) approaches was calibrated and validated to reveal its feasibility and improve its performance in rice evapotranspiration (ET _c) estimation. It was found that K _cd based on FAO-recommended basal crop coefficients (K _cb) underestimated dual-crop coefficients in monsoon climate region in East China. The recommended coefficient (K _cp) value of 1.2 was not high enough to reflect the pulse increase of rice ET _c after soil wetting. The K _cb values were calibrated as 1.52 and 0.63 in midseason and late season, and the K _cp value was adjusted as 1.29 after soil wetting in rice field under drying–wetting cycle condition. The dual-crop coefficient curves based on locally calibrated K _cbCal and K _cpCor matched well with the measured crop coefficients and performed well in calculating rice evapotranspiration from paddy fields under drying–wetting cycle condition. So it can be concluded that the procedure of dual-crop coefficient method is feasible in rice ET _c estimation, and locally calibrated K _cb and K _cp can improve its performance remarkably.     

热处理对低温胁迫下黄瓜活性氧代谢和膜脂组分的影响

为探讨热处理减轻黄瓜果实低温冷害的作用机理,本试验研究了47℃热水浸泡5 min处理对黄瓜果实在4℃贮藏期间活性氧代谢和膜脂组分的影响。结果表明,47℃热水5 min处理可显著抑制黄瓜果实冷害的发生,贮藏15 d后果实冷害指数较对照(CK)低20.87%。此外,热处理还可抑制黄瓜相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升,提高黄瓜果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(DOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,抑制超氧阴离子($\mathop{{O}}_{2}^{{\mathop{}_{\ ·}^{-}}}$)及过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的产生,同时降低脂氧合酶的活性,保持较低的饱和脂肪酸含量、较高的不饱和脂肪酸含量和膜脂不饱和度。综上,热处理可维持黄瓜果实活性氧代谢的平衡,抑制膜脂的过氧化作用,从而提高黄瓜果实的抗冷性,减轻果实冷害损伤。     

Response of organic carbon fractions and microbial community composition of soil aggregates to long-term fertilizations in an intensive greenhouse system

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stability, which are regulated by microbial communities, vary depending on aggregate size. The objectives of this study were...     

基于近红外光谱的沼液挥发性脂肪酸含量快速检测

挥发性脂肪酸（Volatile Fatty Acids,VFA）作为厌氧发酵过程的重要中间产物,其在厌氧反应器中的累积能够反映出产甲烷菌的不活跃状态或厌氧发酵条件的恶化。为了实现对农牧废弃物厌氧发酵进行过程分析和状态监控,将近红外光谱（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS）与偏最小二乘（Partial Least Squares,PLS）相结合构建玉米秸秆和畜禽粪便厌氧发酵液乙酸、丙酸和总酸含量快速检测模型。将竞争自适应重加权采样法（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS）与遗传模拟退火算法（Genetic Simulated Annealing algorithm,GSA）相结合构建CARS-GSA算法对沼液中的乙酸、丙酸和总酸进行特征波长优选,原始光谱数据1 557个波长点经预处理和波长优选后,得到乙酸、丙酸和总酸特征波长变量分别为135、101和245个,建立的回归模型验证决定系数分别为0.988、0.923和0.886,预测均方根误差（Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction,RMSEP）分别为0.111、0.120和0.727,相对分析误差分别为9.685、3.685和3.484,与全谱建模相比RMSEP分别减少了17.78%、15.49%和1.22%,能够满足农牧废弃物厌氧发酵过程发酵液中乙酸和丙酸含量的快速检测需求,基本满足总酸的检测需求。结果表明,通过构建CARS-GSA算法优选乙酸、丙酸和总酸的敏感波长变量,参与建模的波长点数量显著减少,有效降低了变量维度和模型复杂度,提升了回归模型检测精度和预测能力,为快速准确检测沼液VFA提供了新途径。     

喷施非嗜食植物汁液对温室白粉虱的影响

温室白粉虱取食广泛,寄主繁多,但它也有非嗜食植物。非嗜食植物对温室白粉虱可能有很好的控制作用。研究了4种植物的汁液对温室白粉虱的影响,结果表明,供试植物的汁液对温室白粉虱都有很好的控制作用,使温室白粉虱落卵量减少65%以上。非嗜食植物次生物质在温室白粉虱的控制中会有良好的前景。     

我国建立实质性派生品种制度的必要性讨论

近年来,如何保护实质性派生品种已经成为全世界普遍关注的理论问题和各国植物新品种保护实践中面临的重要现实问题。文章分析了实质性派生品种制度缺失是影响我国作物育种科技创新,造成突破性品种匮乏和植物品种权纠纷增多的重要因素,讨论了我国建立实质性派生品种制度的必要性和重要性,从国家知识产权战略角度提出了我国建立实质性派生品种制度的对策。     

基于学生工程能力培养的“食品工程原理”课程教学实践与探索

“食品工程原理”课程在食品类专业学生工程能力培养中起着重要的作用。在分析前期教学问题的基础上,围绕教学内容、方法、技巧和手段等进行了以提高学生工程能力为目的的课程教学实践与探索,旨在为提高该课程教学质量提供一定参考。