Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

果蔬产品变色原因分析及其控制

分析了果蔬产品在加工贮存中变色的原因,综述了目前生产中常用的行之有效的护色措施,包括生物、化学和物理等方面的处理方法。     

Study on Modeling for Pretreatment and Cyclic Control Stream

The characteristics of pretreatment and cyclic control stream are analysed:the form of cyclic embedded hardware circuit,the idea for designing the pretreatment program.The chart model of the system is established preliminarily.     

PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION FOR STEEL FRAME COLUMNS OF TALL BUILDINGS

Based on properties of parameters and test data of dom-estic steel,this paper analyses the reliability and partial coefficient forresistance of steel frame columns of tall builings.The result may serveas a scientific basis.It is not only for domestic steel instead of importedsteel in building tall steel structures,but also for compiling concerendstandards.     

Sociological Factors about the Urbanization of Traditional Community --Discussion on Ciqikou Community

The modernization has been the dream that Chinese nation has wished eagerly to realize all the time. In some sense, the modernization of China means urbanization. The reform and opening - up over the past 20 years , built and made the enormous achievement in urbanization of China, have changed the appearance of the city of China greatly. But to numerous traditional historical zones, what kind of urbanization way should on earth be taken, it has been the question long - term in dispute of the planning circles all the time. In this paper, Ciqikou community of Chongqing as an example, doing some discussions from sociology on this question, the author hopes, that for such difficult problem, by this settlement a piece of breach can be found as soon as possible.     

Application of Water Quality Standand Leuel Method in Eualuazing Status Quo of Heauy-Metals Pollution in Riuers

The status quo of heauy-metals pollution in water phase of course of Long-Tan hydropower statian was eualuated by water Quality Standand Level Method. With this special method,mone objectiue and definite results were obtained.     

王家厂水库洪水实时预报方法及应用研究

考虑到流域降雨时空变化和流域地形、河道特征对流域产汇流的影响，应用新安江三水源产流模型、流域分散入流非线性汇流模型以及流域洪水实时预报校正模型，对王家厂流域洪水进行模拟，取得了较为满意的计算结果。     

凡纳对虾小触角表面结构的显微观察

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了凡纳对虾小触角的表面结构。结果发现：小触角上广泛着生着700根以上的羽状刚毛；外鞭片状隆起腹面平均约具280根无顶孔但有细分支的化感刚毛，这类有分支的化感刚毛在其它十足目种类上未见有报道，而且其刚毛数也较其它种类少；内侧附肢前端与柄节上直立的羽状刚毛毛簇顶相接触，推测该结构可能对相邻的复眼具某种作用。     

高校国有资产保值增值存在的问题及对策

概述高校国有资产的表现形式,分析高校国有资产管理的现状及存在问题,提出高校国有资产保值增值的对策。     

美国奶业新特点、新趋势及对中国的启示

美国奶业发展历史悠久,其生产端、消费端乃至流通贸易方面长期积累的丰富经验,对中国奶业振兴具有一定的参考价值。笔者对2000年以来美国奶业生产、价格、消费、贸易等方面所呈现的新特点进行分析,对奶业相关的支持政策及其变化趋势进行梳理。研究发现,近年来,美国奶牛场数量向北部和西部集中,500头以上规模化牧场成为主流,奶牛存栏增加;技术进步推动奶牛单产突破10 t,生鲜乳产量接近1亿t。基于分级定价的乳成分定价机制不断完善,近5年生鲜乳价格低位运行,2019年快速复苏。乳制品加工业向龙头企业集中,奶酪是主要加工产品。乳制品消费逐年增长,年人均消费量达292.90 kg,奶酪是主要增长点且增速加快。乳制品贸易波动增加,出口目的地集中在北美、东亚和东南亚地区,品类以奶粉、奶酪和乳清为主。奶业产业支持政策广泛涵盖生产、消费、贸易等各环节,各政策间功能互补、协调配套,形成了强大的政策合力与综合效能。美国奶业在产业组织、运行机制、政策配套等方面的经验与做法,对推动完善中国奶业利益联结机制、优化生鲜乳价格形成机制、完善奶业支持政策体系和培育乳制品消费习惯等方面具有重要启示。