甘肃临夏地区不同规模奶牛养殖的效益分析

通过对临夏地区奶牛小养殖户、养殖大户、行了综合分析。数据表明,小养殖户养殖成本较低;小养殖户和养殖大户在鲜奶销售渠道上有竞争优势;合或组成合作社逐渐向养殖大户和养殖场过渡。养殖场的摸底调查,笔者对不同规模养殖的经济效益进养殖场的奶牛单产高于小养殖户和养殖大户,养殖场较小养殖户在整个奶产业中处于劣势地位,今后应通过联     

Fatal infection in human flora-associated piglets caused by the opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae from an apparently healthy human donor

Seventeen out of 24 human flora-associated (HFA) piglets died after oral administration of whole fecal flora from an apparently healthy human donor. The bacteria isolated from the organs of the infected piglets were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The identical K. pneumoniae strain was also isolated from the donor's fecal flora. All three neonatal piglets inoculated with K. pneumoniae from the donor's fecal flora developed severe diarrhea, with 2 eventually dying. This strongly suggests that the opportunistic pathogen K. pneumoniae from the human donor caused the fatal infection in the HFA piglets. The results underscore the importance of safety evaluation of the human donor's fecal flora for HFA piglet development.     

2007年12月全国饲料生产情况分析

1 生产总况 2007年12月,国内饲料生产形势急转直下,在全国多数地区生猪价格创历史新高的情况下．所有品种的饲料产量都出现了幅度不小的下降。2007年12月抽查筛选了29个省份的136家饲料企业,总产量181．5万t,同比增长16．79％,环比下降18．16％。其中配合饲料142．7万t．同比增长20．06％．环比下降20．01％;浓缩饲料32．1万t,同比增长4．82％．环比下降13．31％：添加剂预混合饲料6．6万t,同比增长12．16％,环比增长5．31％。配合饲料、浓缩饲料和添加剂预混合饲料产量与往年同期产量情况见表1。     

抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡5-HTT和TPH1基因表达的影响

为探讨不同抗精神分裂症药物对吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为影响的分子机理,试验将36只斗鸡随机分为12组,并选取利培酮、阿立哌唑、盐酸曲唑酮、盐酸舍曲林4种抗精神分裂症药物,且每种药物设有低剂量组（L）、正常剂量组（N）及高剂量组（H）,每天人工口服给药。分别在第1、2、5、8、11、14天时,翅下静脉采血,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法对口服不同剂量药物的吐鲁番斗鸡各阶段血液中5-羟色胺转运体（5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter,5-HTT）、色氨酸羟化酶1（tryptophan hydroxylase 1,TPH1）的mRNA表达量进行检测。结果显示,口服4种药物后,利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡血液中5-HTT、TPH1基因mRNA的表达变化具有相似性,5-HTT基因整体呈下降趋势,TPH1基因均表现为波动性上升,且利培酮组TPH1基因mRNA的表达量及上升幅度高于阿立哌唑组;盐酸曲唑酮组和盐酸舍曲林组5-HTT基因mRNA的表达均从第5天开始呈直线上升,并于第14天达到峰值,且盐酸舍曲林组TPH1基因的表达呈微上调,盐酸曲唑酮组则无明显变化。利培酮组和阿立哌唑组斗鸡攻击行为减弱与其血液中5-HTT基因mRNA的低表达有关,本试验结果为进一步研究药物影响吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为的分子机理提供了重要参考依据。     

山黧豆低毒品种的筛选及栽培利用技术研究

对国内外引进的６５个山黧豆品种，经３年观察和农艺性状的测定以及β－草酰氨基丙酸（ＢＯＡＡ）、营养成分的分析，筛选出产量，蛋白质含量高，毒素含量低，经毒理学实验为安全饲用的黑龙江山黧豆－１，黑龙江山黧豆－２，西德山黧豆３个品种供生产中应用，还针对山黧豆作为饲草（料）推广应用中的播种量，磷肥施用量，压青及根茬肥效等栽培利用措施进行了探讨。     

江苏省动物卫生监督执法体制改革调研

为掌握江苏省动物卫生监督执法体系建设现状,进一步了解动物卫生监督执法体制改革情况,本文梳理了江苏省动物卫生监督管理体制近30年的改革历程及取得的工作成效,分析了当前4种改革类型的运行情况,并结合当前动物疫病防控和畜产品安全监管形势,对动物卫生监督机构改革提出了思考。     

细菌多糖的生物合成机制研究进展

多糖是细菌细胞的主要组成部分,在细菌与宿主的相互作用中起到重要作用,在参与细菌与宿主的识别,帮助细菌产生毒力,调节宿主免疫反应等生物过程中扮演着重要的角色。随着基因组学的发展,人们发现尽管细菌多糖的种类很多,但它们的合成机制具有相似性。多糖生物合成的研究主要基于基因组的序列分析预测,结合代谢产物研究的基因分析,不够详尽。随着研究的深入,人们越来越关注细菌多糖的合成机制,这种机制的研究将为进一步阐明细菌多糖多样性的形成机制及与宿主间的相互作用机制奠定基础,为开发针对相应病原菌的新型疫苗和治疗方法,及进一步实现分子水平的相关疾病防控和资源开发提供技术支持。作者以肽聚糖、O-抗原和夹膜多糖为代表,阐述了其生物合成及体外生物合成机制的研究进展和相关问题,并总结了细菌多糖合成途径的研究在寻找候选抗原和控制病原细菌靶位以及研究细菌遗传进化和生物合成方面的作用。     

转录组解析白三叶根际溶磷菌株RW8的解磷机制

采用转录组测序的方法分析了白三叶根际溶磷菌RW8在含有难溶磷(A组)、可溶磷(B组)与无磷(C组)培养条件下差异基因表达。以可溶磷为对照,在难溶磷条件下,分别检测到4782个基因在RW8中上调表达,447个基因下调表达;在无磷组中,共检测到3630个基因上调表达,209个基因下调表达。GO基因注释发现RW8在A组和C组中的差异基因聚类基本相同。生物学过程主要聚类在代谢过程、细胞过程、单细胞过程、刺激应答、定位以及生物反应调节;细胞组分主要聚类在细胞组分、细胞膜、膜组分与高分子配合体等;分子功能主要聚类在催化活性、结合功能与转运功能。代谢途径分析发现2-α-氧代羧、α-亚麻酸、五碳二元酸、脂肪酸、甘氨酸-丝氨酸-蛋氨酸以及缬氨酸-亮氨酸-异亮氨酸等代谢途径的基因显著被富集。挑选10个差异基因并用荧光定量检测其在A、B、C 3种不同培养条件下的基因表达,发现所有挑选基因的表达变化与转录组结果变化趋势相同。液相色谱检测有机酸组成及含量,发现在A组和C组中乳酸、琥珀酸与柠檬酸显著高于B组,富马酸与苹果酸的含量在C组中显著升高, A组与B组差异不显著;α-酮戊二酸的含量在A组中显著增高, B组和C组差异不显著。     

The immune response and protective efficacy of oral alginate microparticle Aeromonas sobria vaccine in soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis)

Aeromonas sobria is an important bacterial pathogen of soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis). The effect of an oral alginate microparticle A. sobria vaccine (MAV) on immune response and protection efficacy of soft-shelled turtles was investigated. The formalin-killed cultures of A. sobria strain Z-1 (FKC) were incorporated into alginate microparticles, and the encapsulated vaccine was orally used for immunizing turtles. The serum agglutinating antibody titers, bactericidal activity of blood leucocytes and relative percent survival (RPS) post-challenge with virulent live bacteria of control and immunized turtles were detected. The serum agglutinating antibody titers and bactericidal activity of the leucocytes in the turtles orally immunized with MAV reached a level equivalent to those of the turtles injected with FKC and were significantly higher than those of control group. The RPS of turtles immunized orally with the MAV and intraperitoneally with FKC was 89.5 and 94.7%, respectively, while 95% of the control turtles had died. These results demonstrated that oral alginate microparticle A. sobria vaccine was immunogenic, and could confer protective immunity in soft-shelled turtles.     

Evaluation of agreement between numerical rating scales, visual analogue scoring scales, and force plate gait analysis in dogs

Objective— To evaluate the accuracy of numerical rating (NRS) and visual analogue (VAS) scoring scales compared with force plate gait analysis and agreement between observers for each scoring scale.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Animals— Mixed breed dogs (n=21) with a right limb tibial osteotomy repaired with an external fixator.
Methods— Three small-animal veterinarians with orthopedic training scored lameness using NRS and VAS before surgery, and at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Peak force and impulse were determined at the same time points using a force plate. Agreement between observers and with force plate data was assessed. Significance was set at P ≤.05.
Results— Agreement was generally low among observers for both NRS and VAS scores. When evaluated at each time point, an acceptable level of agreement was present only at 4 weeks after surgery. Only impulse had a significant relationship with some of the observers' subjective scores. No significant relationships between any observer's scores and force plate data existed if very lame dogs were omitted.
Conclusions— Subjective scoring scales do not replace force plate gait analysis. Agreement is low unless lameness is severe, and each observer uses an individually unique scale. Subjective scoring scales most accurately reflect force plate gait analysis when lameness is severe.
Clinical Relevance— Subjective lameness scoring scales may not accurately reflect lameness and do not replace force plate gait analysis. Observers must stay the same during the duration of a study for accurate analyses.