核桃叶提取物对蚜虫的触杀作用

核桃叶提取物对蚜虫具有较强的触杀作用,提取物对蚜虫的击倒作用随浓度增大而增加;处理浓度越高,对蚜虫的击倒中时越短.     

对棉花种子解除休眠前后发芽率的分析

棉花种子收获后一般要经过一段时间的休眠,休眠是种子一种重要的生理现象.种子休眠的解除一般分为人工和自动 2种方法.前者通常采用 40℃高温来解除,后者则是种子收获后经过一段时间由其自然解除.本文通过对棉花种子用 2种方法解除休眠前后发芽率的比较和分析,试图找出种子解除休眠前后发芽率的变化规律,为种子的贮藏、加工、检验和播种提供科学依据.     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.     

Dietary linseed supplementation improves meat quality and flavor of sheep by altering muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidant capacity

Linseed as a common oil crop that has been implicated in regulating the meat quality of animals. The aim of this investigation was to establish the effects of dietary linseed supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of sheep. Twenty-four Sunit sheep were distributed into 2 groups with different diet: control (CO) fed a standard diet and linseed (LS, 8% of extruded linseed). The results showed that linseed not only increased M. longissimus thoracis (LT) increased the loin-eye area but also decreased pH24h, L* and shear force. Meanwhile, linseed increased mRNA expression of MyHCI and MyHCIIx and decreased in cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle fiber diameter. In addition, linseed altered the composition of meat volatile flavor compounds, such as Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol, pentanal, 2-Octenal, (E)-, decanal, butane, and 2-heptanone. Moreover, linseed increased total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) activity, the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Overall, the results suggest that linseed is an effective feed additive in improving meat quality and flavor. The underlying mechanisms for its effectiveness may be partly due to a change in muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidant capacity.     

牛乳超高温灭菌前后芽孢杆菌分离鉴定

本文对牛乳UHT处理前后所含芽孢杆菌进行分离鉴定。经鉴定牛乳UHT处理前嗜热芽孢杆菌有4种、嗜温芽孢杆菌有5种,UHT处理后仅有4种嗜热芽孢杆菌。可见超高温灭菌可以杀死牛乳中的嗜温菌,实现商业无菌,但不能杀灭嗜热芽孢杆菌。     

大豆油对肉鸭脂肪沉积的影响研究

用 1日龄樱桃谷商品肉鸭 5 6 0只 ,采用两因素 ,每个因素三水平的完全随机设计 ,方法是在饲粮中添加 3%、6 %和 9%的大豆油 ,每个比例分别添饲 1周、2周、3周。结果表明 :试验组的皮脂率比对照组降低了 0 88%～ 2 5 5 % ;腹脂率降低了 1 2 0 5 %～ 1 6 5 7% ,瘦肉率提高了 1 4 2 1 %～ 39 2 1 % ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;以 6 %的比例且投饲料 2周的效果最好 ,其皮脂率与腹脂率分别降低了 2 0 5 %、1 6 5 7%和瘦肉率提高了 39 2 1 %。     

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys in a temperate forest

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.     

外源添加短链脂肪酸调控断奶前犊牛胃肠道健康发育潜在功能和机制

胃肠道健康发育是影响犊牛生长及其潜在生产性能发挥的关键。研究报道,短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和胃肠道微生物可促进幼龄动物胃肠道健康发育,但具体机制还不明确。新生犊牛胃肠道发育不健全,胃肠道内微生物种类及丰度均较低,内源性产生的代谢产物SCFA较少。现有文献表明,SCFA具有通过影响断奶前犊牛胃肠道微生物的定植、维持肠道黏膜屏障的完整性及提高肠道抗炎能力,进而促进犊牛胃肠道健康发育的功能。本文拟从胃肠道上皮和微生物2个层次来探究并综述外源添加SCFA促进断奶前犊牛胃肠道发育的分子机制,及其对断奶前犊牛胃肠道微生物定植的影响及机理,为犊牛健康培育与科学饲养提供理论基础。     

绵羊羊角形态与遗传调控机制的研究进展

绵羊是较早驯化的家畜之一,可为人类提供肉、毛、奶等产品,因而在我国畜牧产业中占有重要的地位.由于各地自然环境的差异和社会需要的不同,经长期的选择形成了数百个外表特征和生理习性各具特色的绵羊品种.羊角作为绵羊品种的特征性表型,承担着双重功能,发达的羊角不仅有利于公羊个体提高其在种群内的地位,拥有优先交配权,还可以有效抵御...     

番茄品种耐弱光性的综合评价

研究了苗期弱光条件对幼苗素质，开花，果实大小及产量的影响，采用模糊数学的隶属法对品种的耐弱光性进行评价，并探讨了番茄耐弱光性状的鉴定方法，结果表明，苗期弱光对幼苗素质影响最大，其次影响开花，果实大小和产量，春雷２号和春雷１号属于耐弱光惭弱的品种，白果强丰属不耐弱光品种。