地方土猪源副猪嗜血杆菌Omp P2基因的分子鉴定 及遗传演化分析

为研究地方土猪源副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)的分子遗传演化特性,应用PCR方法扩增淮南猪源河南分离株XY0501的Omp P2基因,并进行序列比较和遗传演化分析。结果显示,XY0501的Omp P2基因序列全长为1080bp,编码359 aa;与参考菌株的核苷酸序列同源性为96.7%~99.4%,与4型、5型和12型参考菌株的核苷酸序列同源性分别为96.9%~97.4%、96.7%~99.4%和97.1%~99.1%;基因进化树显示与血清5型参考菌株FJ685760亲缘关系最近,同源性高达99.4%。研究结果证明,该分离菌株属于血清5型;Hps可感染地方猪种并导致发病,但其来源则有待进一步研究;Omp P2基因在Hps国内优势流行血清型中高度保守,而且这种高保守性并无明显品种差异;不同地域的Hps分离菌株存在一定的遗传差异。     

海南省大型抗风浪网箱渔业的前景分析

在分析海南省大型抗风浪网箱养殖现状，存在问题及对周边环境影响的的基础上，通过对海南渔业自然资源优势，市场前景-供求缺口关系和升降式抗风浪网箱对2005年18号台风“达维”抗御能力的分析，进一步探讨了海南发展大型深水抗风浪网箱养殖的可行性，最后从技术、市场、政府宏观调控等方面提出了网箱渔业产业化发展前景。     

发展循环经济(Circular Economy)与可持续渔业(Sustainable Fisheries)

20世纪90年代以来，发展知识经济和循环经济已成为国际社会的大趋势。当前发达国家正在大力发展循环经济，建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会是实现可持续发展的重要途径，也是保护环境和预防污染的根本手段。本文着重阐述循环经济基本涵义，遵循循环经济3R原则，并探讨传统经济与循环经济各自的特征与渔业可持续发展的关系。     

Spatial–temporal variations in biosonar activity of Yangtze finless porpoise in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its correlation with underwater noise: Are quieter non-shipping branches the remaining shelters?

1. Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise.
2. Two locations on the shipping channel and non-shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases.
3. A non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non-shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation.
4. Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non-shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non-shipping channel.
5. In the non-shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night.
6. These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non-shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.

     

控水处理对胡杨、灰胡杨生长特性及水分利用效率的影响

为提高塔里木盆地农田防护林灌溉水的利用效率,选择适宜的防护林树种,以塔里木荒漠优势树种胡杨和灰胡杨为试验材料,利用盆栽方法研究不同控水处理对2树种的生长特性、光合参数、叶绿素荧光动力学参数、蒸腾耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,2树种光合参数、叶绿素荧光动力学参数（除非光化学猝灭系数qN）、耗水量、耗水强度、生物量和水分利用效率均随供水量的减少而下降,重度胁迫下明显降低。与适宜水分相比,不同水分胁迫处理下胡杨的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、耗水量与生物量下降幅度均小于灰胡杨,重度胁迫下明显高于灰胡杨。胡     

利用微卫星标记分析马氏珠母贝4个养殖群体遗传结构

2007年4月,从马氏珠母贝基础群体选取2、4、32和158个亲本分别繁殖4个子代群体,分别命名为P1、P2、P3和P4。2009年7月,从这4个子代群体随机取样30个个体,利用7对微卫星引物分析其遗传结构。结果表明,7对微卫星引物共检测到22个等位基因,每个座位的等位基因数目为2~4个,平均等位基因数为3个,平均有效等位基因数为2.3193。P1、P2、P3和P4群体平均观测杂合度分别为0.4737、0.5489、0.6767和0.7143;P1、P2、P3和P4群体平均期望杂合度分别为0.4737、0.5489、0.6767和0.7143;P1、P2、P3和P4群体的多态信息含量分别为0.4472、0.4224、0.4726和0.4930。本结果表明4个养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,而且有效亲本数目对子代遗传结构有较大的影响,这为马氏珠母贝的遗传育种提供依据。     

纳滤技术对干酪乳清脱盐性能的影响

为了开发经济可行的乳清脱盐技术,提高乳清产品品质及其附加值,该研究采用截留液全循环连续错流纳滤操作装置对干酪甜乳清进行纳滤脱盐处理。考察了不补水纳滤浓缩及不同补水透析方式对乳清脱盐率的影响,以脱盐率为指标进行工艺优化,选取适宜的脱盐操作工艺。结果表明,在1.1 MPa的操作压力下,控制溶液温度为30℃,系统流量为4.5 L/min,纳滤至体积浓缩比（VCR）为1.5时,以渗透速率向截留液中补充等同于浓缩液体积的去离子水,在相同的纳滤时间内,脱盐效果较好。纳滤乳清经喷雾干燥后,相对原料乳清粉脱除了45%的盐分,乳清蛋白和乳糖基本完全截流。     

不同肉牛品种中乙酰辅酶A:二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(DGAT1)遗传多态性及对胴体性状的影响

本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法研究了3个黄牛(Bos taurus)品种(鲁西牛、晋南牛和秦川牛)及4个杂交肉牛(夏洛莱×鲁西牛、安格斯×鲁西牛、利木赞×鲁西牛和西门塔尔×鲁西牛)群体乙酰辅酶A:二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(DGAT1)第17 exon和3'UTR的多态性.在3'UTR有5个碱基突变位点,分别位于8 402 bp(C→T)、8 414 bp(A→C)、8 445 bp(T→C)、8 465 bp(A→G)和8 545 bp(G→A),并且8 402 bp处碱基突变属首次发现.x2检验的结果表明,在该基因座位7个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态(P<0.05或P<0.01).经DUNCAN'S检验表明在该基因座位上BB基因型个体的宰前体重、胴体重、眼肌面积、膘度和日增重均显著高于CC基因型的个体,而CC基因型个体的大理石花纹、背膘厚度和肌内脂肪含量均显著高于BB型个体.研究表明,DGAT1基因的等位基因B与肉牛的眼肌面积等胴体性状相关,等位基因C与大理石花纹、背膘厚度、肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状相关.     

信息时代英语论文写作能力的培养

阐明了培养专业英语论文写作能力对大学生的重要性,对专业英语论文写作课程的设置进行了探讨。     

Amendments of Activated Carbon and Biosolid on the Growth and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean Grown in Potted Cd-Contaminated Soils

Cadmium-contaminated soils can be re-used and also produce biomass energy if we plant soybeans or other biomass crops in the contaminated sites. In this study, two soils with pH values of 5.9 and 6.7 were artificially spiked to make their final total concentration as CK (about 1.0), 3.0, and 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1. Different amendments were mixed with these artificially Cd-contaminated soils to study the effect on the growth and Cd uptake of soybean, which include control (without amendment addition), powder-activated carbon (1%), and biosolids (sludge, 5%), respectively. Three kilograms of the treated soils was added into each pot and sowed 10 seeds of soybean (Leichardt species). The experiment was conducted in a 25°C greenhouse and controlled the soil water contents in the levels of 50–70% water holding capacity during the experimental period. Plants were harvested after growing for 90 days, and their fresh weights, dry weights, and plant heights were determined and recorded. Compared with the lower pH soil (5.9), soybeans were higher and have higher fresh weights and dry weights when growing in the higher pH soil (6.7). For most of the treatments, the two amendments had no significant effects on the plant heights of soybeans. For 3.0 or 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1 soil, the application of biosolids has significant effect on increasing the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans (p?<?0.05). However, there were no specific effects of applying activated carbons on the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans.