不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价

建立了大豆、油菜籽、光皮树和麻疯树4种原料制生物柴油生命周期能源消耗和排放评价模型，并对其进行了生命周期能源消耗和排放评价。结果表明：与石化柴油比较，大豆和油菜籽制生物柴油生命周期整体能源消耗与石化柴油基本相当；光皮树和麻疯树制生物柴油的生命周期整体能源消耗比石化柴油低约10%；所有原料制生物柴油生命周期化石能源消耗显著降低，生命周期HC、CO、PM₁₀、SOx和CO₂排放降低，NOx排放升高。     

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.     

基于ComGIS的农用地分等单元及属性数据获取方法研究

以湖北省荆州市荆州区农用地分等评价为例，提出了在基于组件式地理信息系统(ComGIS)的农用地评价中，以矢量化并经校正后的土地利用现状图、土壤图、地貌图进行叠加产生的土地资源类型图作为农用地评价单元图，并通过与样点综合评价因素图层进行叠置分析来获取评价单元属性数据的新思路。在实际工作中取得了良好的效果，减少了工作量，提高了分等结果的科学性。     

茶花鸡主要数量性状的遗传分析

 本文按不同世代和不同性别分别估计茶花鸡主要数量性状的表型、遗传参数。结果表明,90日龄体重0至2代公鸡分别为539.40g,604.63g,609.50g;母鸡分别是598.20g,602.58g,606.40g.同0代相比,开产日龄提早7.07天,开产蛋重增加4.91g,300,500日龄产蛋量增加4.57和11.41个。本文着重估计3月龄体重遗传力,公鸡1代为0.34,2代为0.298,母鸡则是0.344和0.331;同代不同年度、不同性别合并估计为0.401和0.512,3月龄体重与开产日龄等21对性状间的遗传、表型相关在数值上存在一定的差异。     

绍兴市农业气象灾害发生特点及防灾措施

分析了绍兴市干旱、台风、洪涝、低温冻害等主要农业气象灾害的发生特点和近几年农业气象灾害变化特征,进而提出了防灾措施。     

水稻白叶枯病诱导抗性的研究

选用5个非亲和性和2个亲和性的稻白叶枯菌菌株、15种化学诱导物、9个水稻品种进行了水稻白叶枯病诱导抗性的研究.非亲和性菌株75-1,75-1-49和78-3对亲和性菌株76-25-17有较好的抗性诱导效果.在8个不同品种分蘖期用75-1接种5d 以后再以76-25-17接种,对后者的局部抗性和系统抗性诱导效果之间均存在显著差异,仅密阳46和74-105有较明显的系统抗性相对诱导效果,分别为21.51%和17.93%,而所有品种都有很好的局部抗性相对诱导效果,除杭18为24.98%外,其余7个品种均在43.06%～56.03%之间.金刚30和窄叶青8号,经75-1和78-3诱导接种的叶片以及诱导接种后再经76-25-17挑战接种的叶片提取液对76-25-17均有明显的抑制作用.15种化学诱导物中以补骨脂、重楼、刺五加及麻黄的相对抗性诱导效果最好,分别为20.62%,16.28%,15.56%和15.05%.这4种中药均有不同程度的抑菌作用,但其抑菌能力与抗性诱导效果之间无相关性.     

农村职业技术教育发展制约因素分析

可从系统内部和系统外部两方面剖析制约农村职业技术教育发展的因素，内部因素分析包括行政成本、补偿机制、职业准入制度等，外部环境分析涉及政治制度、社会经济、历史文化等多个维度。两方面的分析结果表明，现有外部环境制约了农村职业技术教育发展可获得的外部资源，在传统管理体制下，教育部门难以进一步优化农村职业教育的资源配置。     

The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism

Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.     

Combining ability among male sterile two-type and restorer lines of Zinnia elegans and implications for the breeding of this ornamental species

Nineteen parental lines including five male sterile A-lines (AH002A, AH003A, AH209A, S5001A, J16A) and fourteen restorers (A1-GH, A3, S5, J6, J7N, J7J, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, J13, J14, J17) were crossed using the North Carolina II statistical method. Studies of combining ability and heritability were conducted on selected parents along with their seventy F₁ hybrids for main ornamental traits. Plant height, crown size and length of node had obvious additive genetic effects, high (>0.50) broad sense heritability and high narrow sense heritability (length of node was medium). Pedicel length showed approximately equivalent maternal and paternal additive genetic effects, high broad sense heritability and medium (0.30–0.50) narrow sense heritability. Number of whorls of ray florets across capitulum and number of branches were able to take advantage of heterosis. The relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability in Zinnia elegans depended on materials and traits. Male sterile two-type line was pivotal in the hybridization breeding of Z. elegans. S5001A, AH002A and A1-GH, A3, J14 which performed high negative GCA effects in PH, PL, LN and type I in PH, PL, NW, LN were ideal female and male parents of potted flowering plants; AH209A, J16A and S5, J10, J17 which displayed positive GCA effects and almost type I in PH, PL, LN were ideal female and male parents of cut flowers, respectively. For potted flowering plants, AH002A × J17, AH209A × A1-GH and S5001A × J6 with high negative SCA effects in PH, PL and LN were the most promising combinations, AH002A × S5, AH003A × A3 and J16A × J6 were the subprime combinations; for cut flowers, AH209A × S5, AH209A × J17 and J16A × J17 with high positive SCA effects in PH, PL and LN were the primary combinations, AH209A × J9 and S5001A × J10 were the secondary combinations.     

红壤丘陵综合开发经营管理体制的研究 ——以江西省千烟洲试区为例

简述了红壤丘陵区综合开发经营管理体制系统构成及其重要性。分析了千烟洲试区农村经济及典型生态农户经济效益，并对发展生态农户提出了几点建议。