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991.
开沟覆膜滴灌条件下土壤水、温变化规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
新疆是中国葡萄重要的生产基地,但每年因盐碱与缺水导致减产现象严重。开沟覆膜滴灌技术结合膜下滴灌与开沟技术优点,理论上可有效改善作物生长的水土环境。为研究桁架葡萄下开沟覆膜滴灌技术对土壤水分与温度变化的影响,在石河子147团6连试验地用EM50仪器开展土壤水分、温度监测试验。研究结果表明:①在开沟模式为20 cm×100 cm,灌水定额为300 m3/hm~2时,无论是膜中还是膜边,灌水前后土壤含水量维持在0.22~0.38,满足作物根系吸水。加大灌水定额,在覆膜影响下,滴灌带表面积水区面积增大,使得在滴头下方形成饱和区增大;随着开沟深度的增大,覆膜中土壤含水量变化不明显,覆膜边呈下降趋势。②温度监测表明,无论是温度上升期(12时),还是夜间下降期(24时),土体温度变化幅度均在15~31℃,给葡萄生长提供良好的温度环境,利于葡萄产量与品质的提高。 相似文献
992.
993.
燕麦粉不含面筋蛋白,使燕麦全粉面条煮熟后易浑汤、蒸煮损失率大,目前只能温水浸泡复水食用,是限制燕麦更广泛推广的难题之一。为了满足市场对燕麦全粉面条的需求,以利用二级挤压技术生产的燕麦全粉挤压面条为试材,对成型面条进行了调湿老化、蒸制老化及冷冻老化处理,比较了不同老化方式对燕麦全粉挤压面条蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明,调湿老化处理的面条蒸煮损失率最小(2.26%~3.34%),蒸制老化次之(4.19%~5.19%),冷冻老化最大(5.16%~7.97%)。不同老化处理的面条感官评分差异不显著,以调湿老化处理24h的面条感官评分最高(87.2分);调湿老化处理面条的淀粉相对结晶度(12.47%~16.10%)、热焓值(1.044 0~1.056 0J·g-1)及回生值(519.5~558.0cP)均最大,蒸制老化次之,冷冻老化最小。综合分析可知,对燕麦挤压面条进行淀粉老化处理,能够显著降低燕麦全粉挤压面条的蒸煮损失率,最优方式为调湿老化24h。 相似文献
994.
995.
The objective of this research was to survey the effects of starch quaternization and sulfosuccinylation on the adhesion of cold starch paste to raw cotton fibers for cotton warp sizing at low temperature. Acid-thinned cornstarch (ATS) was quaternized and then sulfosuccinylated to introduce 3-(trimethylammonium chloride)-2-hydroxypropyl and sulfosuccinate substituents onto its backbones. The electroneutrality of starch samples prepared was achieved by maintaining a constant mole ratio (5.3:1) of the two substituents. A series of electroneutral cornstarch (ECS) samples with different levels of the substituents were derived by altering the feed ratio of the modifying reagents to starch for determining desirable level of starch modification. Adverse influences of cotton wax and starch retrogradation on the adhesion of cold starch paste to raw cotton fibers were evaluated to illustrate the effectiveness of starch quaternization and sulfosuccinylation. It was found that the modification was able to alleviate the adverse influence of starch retrogradation and ameliorate the adhesion to the fibers at low temperature. Higher level of the modification led to less retrogradation and resulted in strong adhesion. Furthermore, the adverse influence of cotton wax on the adhesion could be eliminated after a pre-wetting treatment of raw cotton warps with hot water. The adhesion of ECS paste to raw cotton at 60 °C was statically the same as that of ATS at 95 °C when total DS of ECS was 0.0443 or higher. 相似文献
996.
The structures of disperse dyes and their intermolecular interactions have important impacts on dyeing and printing performances for polyester fabrics. The fluorine dyes show some unique molecular stability and photochemical properties. The dyeing property of the azo dye containing trifluoromethyl group for polyester fabrics, 4'-(N-acetoxyethyl-Nethyl)- amino-2-bromine-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethylazo- benzene (D1), was investigated and compared with the similar structure disperse dye. The results show that the high color yield and good exhaustion of the dyed PET fabrics could be obtained. The polyester fabrics dyed with D1 had excellent light fastness. Its single crystal was prepared and the supramolecular interactions were solved by X-ray diffraction. Dye D1 formed triclinic crystals in a trimeric packing mode. The C-F bond distances of CF3 are 1.2730 Å, 1.2240 Å and 1.2900 Å, respectively. The two benzene rings linked azo unit (-N=N-) are obviously twist. The dihedral angle of the two benzene rings is 50.23 o. There are six weak hydrogen bonds around trifluoromethyl group in the intramolecule and intermolecule. The excellent light stability of the dye should be attributed to its unique supramolecular structure. 相似文献
997.
Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaowei Liu Huoyan Wang Jianmin Zhou Zhaoming Chen Dianjun Lu Dejin Zhu Pingliang Deng 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):625-638
Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF. 相似文献
998.
Yujiao Liu Yaxi Liu Yong Zhou Charlene Wight Zhien Pu Pengfei Qi Qiantao Jiang Mei Deng Zaoxia Wang Yuming Wei Wenguang Cao Dengcai Liu Youliang Zheng Chunji Liu Judith Frégeau-Reid Jirui Wang 《Euphytica》2017,213(1):19
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC2F8 tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality. 相似文献
999.
Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance 下载免费PDF全文
Zhangxiong Liu Huihui Li Xuhong Fan Wen Huang Jiyu Yang Yuhong Zheng Zixiang Wen Yinghui Li Dechun Wang Shuming Wang Lijuan Qiu 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):526-538
Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and Di (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS. 相似文献
1000.
Ting Zou Qiao Xiao Wenjie Li Tao Luo Guoqiang Yuan Zhiyuan He Mingxing Liu Qiao Li Peizhou Xu Jun Zhu Yueyang Liang Qiming Deng Shiquan Wang Aiping Zheng Lingxia Wang Ping Li Shuangcheng Li 《Rice》2017,10(1):53