香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)侵染对寄主内源激素的影响

 本试验用ELISA方法测定了香蕉感染束顶病毒(BBTV)后植株体内的3种内源激素,赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素类(iPAs)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化。结果表明,感株的GA₃水平在侵染过程中虽有微弱增加,但含量和增长速度显著低于健株对照;iPAs在接种BBTV第14天后明显下降,并维持较低水平;ABA在BBTV侵染后被大量诱导增加并不断积累,在接种后第35天测定含量最高,为对照的3.34倍。试验还同时检测了BBTV在侵染过程中的运转。用间接ELISA测定的接种叶和顶叶的BBTV含量显示:接种21天后BBTV在接种叶和顶叶中还大量增殖,呈系统性分布。但寄主的症状在接种35天后才逐渐在顶叶表现。以上结果表明:香蕉束顶病的症状表现似乎主要与病株中的内源激素的失调有关,而与BBTV在体内的运转并不直接相关     

山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

稀土元素在玉米体内的吸收及富集状况研究

利用仪器中子活化分析测定玉米不同生长期不同部位的单一稀土含量。结果表明：稀土元素在玉米植株体内主要是向结实及生命活动旺盛部位运转，玉米植株在生长各阶段对元素Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ的吸收最为敏感。这３种元素可能是作物体内活性物质的主要激活剂。     

Comparative study on antioxidative system in normal and vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture

To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H₂O₂, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H₂O₂, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H₂O₂. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H₂O₂ and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture. [Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271093) and the Foundation of State-designated Base for Biology Researching and Teaching in Beijing Forestry University]     

基于随机森林算法的农耕区土地利用分类研究

基于随机森林算法,采用多季节、多时相光谱信息、纹理信息和地形信息进行分类研究,选出最佳分类方案对农耕区土地利用信息进行提取,并利用随机森林算法对所有特征变量进行降维,将降维后的变量分别用于随机森林、支持向量机和最大似然分类法,分析不同分类方法对农耕区土地利用类型提取的适用性。研究结果表明:基于随机森林算法的多源信息综合分类方案进行土地利用信息提取效果最佳,总体精度85.54%,Kappa系数0.835 9;利用随机森林算法进行特征选择可以在有效降低数据维度的同时保证分类精度;3种分类方法中,随机森林算法总体分类精度81.08%,分别较支持向量机和最大似然法高9.46%和5.27%。利用随机森林分类法结合多源信息能够有效对农耕区土地利用类型进行分类,为土地类型的划分提供了快捷可行的方法。     

北京地区红芹1号优质高产栽培技术

红芹1号是北京市特种蔬菜种苗公司经多年选育而成的优良芹菜品种。新颖独特,营养丰富。在北京地区可以进行周年栽培生产,尤其是针对元旦、春节等节日市场的供应茬口具有较好的经济效益,近几年随着特菜市场的发展种植面积逐年增大,成为郊区特菜生产的一个新亮点。     

竹粉花盆韧性和吸水厚度膨胀率的影响因素

以竹粉为原料模压花盆是充分利用且提高生物质原料价值的重要途径之一。对影响竹粉花盆韧性和吸水厚度膨胀率的工艺参数进行了试验研究,选取热压时间、聚乙烯用量和偶联剂用量为正交试验的因素。经过分析确定最优生产工艺参数:时间12 min,聚乙烯3%,偶联剂25%。优化试验测定结果:弹性模量为14.10MPa,静曲强度为13.54 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为1.52%。     

引进观赏芍药新种质的SSR指纹图谱构建

采用SSR标记构建从欧美等地区引进、收集的61份观赏芍药新种质的指纹图谱。根据引物的多态性信息含量和Shannon遗传多样性指数大小,从15对候选引物中筛选出10对多态性高且稳定性好的引物作为核心引物,首次构建了61个观赏芍药新种质指纹图谱,并编制了指纹代码。结果表明:被试种质资源的倍型丰富,有一条带、两条带,甚至出现了三条带、四条带;所绘制的图谱能够将所有品种(种)完全区分开。     

药用植物填料减轻卷烟危害机理的研究进展

卷烟中药用植物填料的运用形式不同、填料在卷烟及其相关产品的使用位置不同,药用植物减害的目标指向及其理化和药理机理就不同,主要机理涉及3个方面。首先,中草药与烟草同源,药用植物用于卷烟减害契合中医的烟熏疗法,体现了中医的配伍理论,药用植物具备能预防、缓解或治疗吸烟所致疾病的特定类群。其次,药用植物填料通过直接截留、物理吸附、化学吸附和催化解毒来降低烟气中焦油、烟碱、稠环芳烃、亚硝胺、自由基、挥发性酚类、巴豆醛、氰化氢、一氧化氮、一氧化碳、氨和重金属元素的含量。再者,卷烟中药用植物成分的特定熔点、沸点或气化点和吸燃烟支的温度条件决定了成分具备烟气转移属性,能缓解、治疗吸烟所致的呼吸道疾病、血管损伤及癌变,并具一般性的消炎和提高机体免疫力的功效,可为卷烟的药用植物减害实践和中国特色卷烟的研发提供依据。     

光肩星天牛的生物学特性及防治研究概述

描述了光肩星天牛的生物学特性、危害状况,发生原因以及不同的防治方法,为今后光肩星天牛的研究与防治提供借鉴。