益生菌对鲤鱼免疫功能影响的研究

本研究采用有益芽孢杆菌制成微生物添加剂 ,对鲤鱼的生长和免疫功能进行试验。试验鲤鱼苗分两组 ,试验组添加1 %生态制剂 ,经100d饲喂试验 ,结果 :①益生菌生态制剂对鲤鱼有促生长作用 ,试验组较对照组提高增重11.8 % ,饵料系数下降0.24 ;②试验组免疫器官胸腺、脾脏生长发育较对照组迅速、成熟快 ,电镜观察免疫器官内T、B淋巴细胞较对照组成熟快、数量增多、产生抗体增多 ,免疫功能增强 ;③试验组前肠粘膜皱褶增多、隐窝加深、微绒毛长而密集 ,肠吸收面积增大 ,为鲤鱼增重、防病治病提供理论依据     

对上海市区县兽医实验室设置问题的思考

阐述了目前上海市区(县)兽医系统实验室设置情况比较混乱,部分区兽医系统实验室已转/并至农产品检测中心,名称五花八门,由此出现的问题也层出不断的情况.根据《动物防疫法》《应急条例》等法律法规,对动物疫病预防控制机构及兽医系统实验室承担的职责进行梳理,汇总和分析后,得出结论:区(县)兽医系统实验室应依法设置于动物疫病预防控制机构,疫病监测与诊断是兽医系统实验室法律所赋予的主要职能,与以检测为主的农产品安全检测中心有着本质的区别,剥离了兽医实验室的区(县)动物疫病预防控制机构,无法真正履行好其法定职责.并提出了相应的解决方案与建议.     

老年犬的养护

如果家里有一头老年犬,它一定陪伴你走过了好几个年头,在这么多年里它也许是你的精神寄托;有了它你的生活更快乐了,是它提高了你的生活品质。这个时候,它仍然在你的身旁,但它已经不像年轻时那样爱玩爱闹了,对事情的注意力、警惕性也有明显下降。这些都是不可避免的,你深爱的犬正在逐渐衰老。这个时候,它的需求正在变化,它对你的依赖越来越强,它需要你给它保持一个健康的身体和安逸的老年生沽。     

家禽脂肪营养研究进展

脂肪代谢能值高,且是必需脂肪酸的来源,在家禽营养中发挥着重要的作用。饲料中添加合适的脂肪能改善家禽的生产性能、屠体品质、免疫性能、产蛋性能、蛋品质及繁殖性能。本文综述了国内外近十年关于脂肪在肉禽、蛋禽和种禽上的研究报道,旨在为脂肪在家禽饲料中的合理应用提供科学依据。     

紫花苜蓿灌溉的理论与技术

本文系统地阐述了紫花苜蓿灌溉的理论与技术,内容包括需水量、需水强度、入渗速率、灌溉需要量、灌溉定额、灌水深度、灌水定额、灌水周期、灌水次数、灌水时期、灌水强度、灌溉方法等内容。     

乳、肉制品中抗生素残留现状及监控对策

介绍了抗生素的定义及分类,我国乳、肉制品中抗生素残留问题的现状,详细分析了抗生素残留的危害和抗生素残留的原因,概述了抗生素残留检测方法的研究进展,并提出了解决抗生素残留的对策和建议。     

High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.     

Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.     

Cytomorphologic differentiation of benign and malignant mammary tumors in fine needle aspirate specimens from irradiated female Sprague-Dawley rats.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) offers a rapid and minimally invasive means to distinguish malignant from benign neoplasms. However, few studies have been published regarding the cytopathology of mammary tumors in rats despite widespread use of the rat model for breast cancer formation and inhibition. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology and to develop distinguishing cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of radiation-induced benign and malignant mammary tumors in rats. METHODS: In a study of radiation-induced mammary carcinogenesis, 100 Sprague-Dawley rats with cutaneous masses were randomly chosen for FNA. The aspirates were smeared, fixed, and stained with a modified Papanicolaou procedure for diagnostic evaluation. Cytologic and histologic diagnoses (benign vs malignant) were compared, and diagnostic accuracy was calculated using the histologic diagnosis as the criterion standard. FNA smears were scored semiquantitatively on a scale of 1-4 for cellularity, atypia, nuclear size, chromatin pattern, nuclear membrane thickness, nucleoli, and mitoses. The background was evaluated for necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation, and mucosecretory material. Cytomorphologic features were compared statistically between benign and malignant tumors, based on the histologic diagnosis. RESULTS: The sensitivity of FNA was 92.3% and specificity was 89.4% for the detection of malignancy. However, 14% of specimens, all fibroadenomas by histology, had insufficient cells for cytologic evaluation, for an overall accuracy rate of 78.0%. Malignant tumors had significantly higher scores for all cytomorphologic features, and were significantly more likely to contain cell clusters and necrotic debris. CONCLUSIONS: FNA is an accurate method for differentiating benign and malignant rat mammary tumors.     

用PPA-ELISA测HCLV抗体和抑制法测HCLV

对早期建立的PPA-ELISA测猪瘟兔化弱毒(HCLV)抗体和PPA-ELISA抑制法测HCLV毒价的2种方法作总结性回顾。前者用于猪瘟的免疫监测,以抗体的分布曲线显示HCLV的免疫效果,出现低谷为免疫力不足,出现特异高峰则可能有强毒侵入;如群体保护率小于50%,表明免疫失败。后者主要用于细胞培养液小样的HCLV毒价测定,方法简单,一次能测多个样品。检测结果表明,在现用的疫苗中抑制价高的,完全有可能用16万或20万倍稀释通过兔体测毒。对此,建议将兔体半数反应量(RID50)标准提高至16万或20万倍稀释,一次通过,免疫剂量用400RID50,与国际接轨,达到早日消灭猪瘟的目标。