Effect of fermentation on the nutritive value of sesame seed meal in the diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

Six isonitrogenous (350 g kg⁻¹ crude protein) and isoenergetic (17573 kJ kg⁻¹) experimental diets incorporating raw and fermented sesame ( Seasamum indicum ) seed meal at 200, 300, and 400 g kg⁻¹ into a fishmeal based diet were fed to rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings for 60 days and the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the fish was studied. The antinutritional factor phytic acid, from raw sesame seed meal, could be reduced below detection limit by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ). Fermentation of the oilseed meal resulted in reduction of the tannin content from 20 to 10 g kg⁻¹. In terms of growth response, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio, a diet containing 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented sesame seed meal resulted in a significantly ( P  < 0.01) best fish performance. In general, growth and feed utilization efficiencies of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets were superior to those fed raw oilseed meal diets. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) values decreased with increasing levels of raw oilseed meal. APD was, however, significantly ( P  < 0.01) higher at all levels of incorporation of fermented sesame seed meal, while diets containing raw oilseed meal resulted in poor protein and lipid digestibility. Carcass protein and lipid contents of fish fed fermented sesame seed meal diets increased with increasing level of incorporation, being highest with 400 g kg⁻¹ fermented oilseed meal-containing diet. The results showed that sesame seed meal may be incorporated in carp diets up to 200 g kg⁻¹ and 400 g kg⁻¹ in raw and treated (fermented) forms respectively.     

水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响

以新疆常用的扁桃砧木石头扁桃和毛桃的1年生实生苗为材料,设置土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的100%、80%、60%、40%和20%5个处理,研究了不同水分胁迫条件对其干物质和叶绿素含量的影响。水分胁迫处理第10、20、30天后取样,测定其叶绿素含量;在水分胁迫处理第30天取样测定其干物质含量。结果表明:2个供试品种对水分胁迫的反应一致。在土壤相对含水量为80%时,总干物质含量和叶质量比最高,土壤相对含水量较多或较少都会减少干物质的积累,石头扁桃总干物质含量和叶质量比的下降幅度大于毛桃。根质量比和根冠比在土壤相对含水量为80%时最低,随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,根质量比和根冠比升高,石头扁桃的升高幅度大于毛桃。在土壤相对含水量为80%时叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量最高,随着胁迫程度的加剧和时间的延长,叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量降低,石头扁桃的降低幅度大于毛桃。     

库尔勒市保护性耕作现状及问题分析

<正>库尔勒市地处亚欧大陆中部、塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘,大部分地区干旱少雨,风大沙多,土壤盐碱重,有机质含量低,在风蚀、水蚀、及干旱的长期作用下,扬沙尘暴、水土流失导致旱区生态环境的整体退化,耕地环境质量不断下降,已成为制约农业经济可持续发展的重要因素。     

带传动的工作特性分析及应用研究

本文通过对带传动工作特性分析和带传动的实际应用相结合，研究带传动的受力状况、弹性滑动、打滑等对带的拉伸、磨损及带传动机械工作性能的影响，在实践中总结出带传动的正确使用、安装、维护等方面的经验，说明带传动的正确使用、安装、维护对带传动的工作性能和适当延长传动带的寿命起到的作用。     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

von Willebrand disease phenotype and von Willebrand factor marker genotype in Doberman Pinschers

OBJECTIVE: To define the relationship between clinical expression of a type-1 von Willebrand disease phenotype and genotype at 2 von Willebrand factor marker loci in Doberman Pinschers. ANIMALS: 102 client-owned Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES: Dogs were recruited on the basis of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, clinical history, and pedigree. Blood samples and response to a history questionnaire were obtained for each dog. Plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was measured by use of an ELISA, and genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction for 1 intragenic and 1 extragenic von Willebrand factor marker. Amplification product size was determined by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (intragenic marker) or automated sequence analysis (extragenic marker). Western blots were prepared from a subset of dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration to evaluate multimer distribution. RESULTS: Strong associations were detected between plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and von Willebrand factor marker genotype. Twenty-five dogs had substantial reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and multiple hemorrhagic events. All were homozygous for a 157-base-pair intragenic marker allele and homozygous or compound heterozygous for 1 of 4 extragenic marker alleles. These marker genotypes were exclusively detected in dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, although some dogs with these genotypes did not have abnormal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Type-1 von Willebrand disease in Doberman Pinschers is associated with the von Willebrand factor gene locus; however, the expression pattern in this breed appears more complex than that of a simple recessive trait.