新疆陆地棉种质资源的综合评价

【目的】基于形态指标、产量指标和品质指标,综合评价棉花种质资源在新疆季节性水分匮缺条件下的表现,为旱区棉花主栽品种的确定和品种改良奠定基础。【方法】以126个棉花品种(系)为试验材料,对其在季节性水分匮缺状态下的株高、果枝数、生育期、有效铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽指、籽棉产量、皮棉产量、纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、马克隆值、反射率、黄度和纺纱均匀性指数共17项数量性状指标进行测定,运用相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、逐步判别分析和多元方差分析等方法对这些棉花种质资源进行综合评价。【结果】首先,相关分析的结果表明,17项数量性状间存在一定的相关性和信息的重叠,因为56对数量性状的相关系数达到极显著水平,22对数量性状的相关系数达到显著水平。第二,主成分分析的结果表明,前8个主成分代表了126个棉花品种的17项数量性状86.34%的信息,其贡献率分别为27.45%、17.18%、11.61%、8.42%、6.66%、5.33%、5.08%和4.63%。第三,聚类分析的结果表明,当类间距离为12.5时,126个棉花品种被聚为7大类,第Ⅰ类有22个品种、第Ⅱ类有17个品种、第Ⅲ类有19个品种、第Ⅳ类有28个品种、第Ⅴ类有19个品种、第Ⅵ类有13个品种、第Ⅶ类有8个品种。第四,逐步判别分析的结果表明,114个棉花品种被正确判别,判对概率为90.48%;12个棉花品种被误判,误判率为9.52%,这说明聚类分析的结果是准确可靠的。最后,多元方差分析结果表明,第Ⅰ类为中产中等品质品种,第Ⅱ类为低产优质类品种,第Ⅲ类为高产优质类品种,第Ⅳ类为中高产中等品质类品种,第Ⅴ类为中高产中上等品质类品种,第Ⅵ类为高产中等品质类品种,第Ⅶ类为低产劣质类品种,同时科学地评价了7个类别的棉花品种,并提出了对应的改良方案。【结论】西北旱区棉花育种一方面在产量上进展明显,除了第Ⅵ类和第Ⅴ类外,大多数品种达不到纺高支纱的要求。适纺中支纱的主栽品种可在第Ⅲ类中选育。第Ⅱ类的纺纱指数达到了适纺高强力优质棉的要求,要着重改良产量指标。今后,西北旱区棉花育种工作要对不同类别的品种,选取适合的育种策略,以达到产量和品质均趋向最优。     

平欧杂交榛4个品种光合特性的比较研究

[目的]在伊犁河谷杂交榛示范园内,对拟推广的4个品种光合特性进行比较研究,旨在为制定杂交榛丰产栽培技术措施和扩大推广面积提供理论参考.[方法]采用ECA-PB0401光合测定仪活体测定了光合参数日变化特征、与光合速率相关的气象因子以及光合-光响应参数.[结果](1)3#品种的净光合速率(Pn)日变化曲线变幅最大,且忍受高温的能力较高;26#、28#和31#对高的光强忍耐程度较强;26#品种的瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)日均值最高;28#品种对光强利用的能力最高,羧化速率(CE)日变幅和日均值较其它3个品种大.(2)4个品种的Pn日均值与产量成显著正相关,日均值及产量大小排序一致,均为28#＞26#＞3#＞31#.(3)影响杂交榛Pn的主要气象因子主次顺序为光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温、CO2浓度、空气相对湿度(RH).(4)3#品种的光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)都较26#高,对高光强的利用能力较强.[结论]26#、28#、3#三个品种具有较31#更强的推广优势,同时,26#还具有较高的水分利用效率和光能利用效率;四个品种中,26#为干旱、半干旱气候区最佳栽培品种,适宜栽植和规模化发展的生态区范围较广.     

不同冷冻温度、时间对核桃枝条抗寒性生理生化指标的影响

为了测定在不同冷冻温度不同储藏时间下核桃‘温185’、核桃‘新2’枝条的抗寒性。采用室温(CK)、人工模拟低温等不同温度分别储藏5、12、24 h的核桃枝条,并测定比较了可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。结果表明,同一储藏时间不同冷冻温度下不同品种核桃枝条的可溶性糖含量、MDA含量和脯氨酸含量的变化幅度不大。-10℃低温处理5 h,‘温185’和‘新2’的可溶性糖含量较其他处理的可溶性糖含量高,分别比室温增高2.54%、0.56%。‘温185’在受到低温胁迫后MDA含量逐渐降低,而‘新2’枝条MDA含量随着储藏温度的降低呈升高、降低又升高的变化趋势。低温对核桃枝条有一定的伤害,但由于整个过程中脯氨酸变化幅度不大,枝条内脯氨酸积累量的高低与冻害程度相关性不明显。在低温条件下各个品种的SOD酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,‘温185’在5、12、24 h处理时间下枝条SOD酶活性随着储藏温度的降低呈降低、升高、降低又升高的变化趋势,但总的变化趋势是降低。‘新2’在5、12、24 h处理时间下枝条SOD酶活性随着储藏温度的降低呈降低的变化趋势。可溶性糖含量、MDA含量对核桃枝条抗寒性有较大影响。综合分析各品种抗寒性生理生化指标,可初步推测‘温185’抗寒性比‘新2’高。     

Clinical signs and chemical confirmation of 4-aminopyridine poisoning in horses

4-Aminopyridine poisoning in horses was diagnosed. Specific methods, utilizing thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, were developed for determining the compound in stomach contents and corn bait. The lethal dose was estimated at 2 to 3 mg/kg of body weight.     

耕深自动调节控制系统

目前,国内现有的拖拉机对犁耕深度的控制大多为手动控制。为此,设计了一个耕深自动调节的控制系统,主要用于精确、稳定地控制犁耕地时的耕深,以达到稳定耕深的目的。该系统主要由检测装置、控制装置和执行机构组成。检测装置用来间接检测犁的耕深,采用电位器来检测耕深。计算机对检测装置检测到的信号进行分析、计算后控制步进电机转动,步进电机与耕深调节手柄连结在一起,从而使耕深调节手柄上下移动,实现调节、稳定耕深的目的。     

新疆国际客源市场时空发展变化分析研究

利用集中度和亲景度、竞争态指标,对新疆国际客源市场13个主体客源国1997～2004年统计数据进行分析,揭示国际客源时空演替规律,指出新疆主要的3个国际客源市场是日本、俄罗斯和美国,并提出了拓展国际客源市场的建议。     

Post-harvest storage effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin contents and yields

Guayule is a new crop being commercialized for hypoallergenic latex production. Because natural processes that occur in the plant following harvest, notably dehydration, result in rapid loss of latex and immediate processing of guayule shrub for latex on a commercial scale is not feasible, storage conditions that maintain latex concentration and yield need to be established. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different storage conditions on the extractable latex, total rubber, resin, and guayulin A and B contents, and extractable latex, total rubber, and resin yields in harvested guayule shrub. The experiment was established using plants transplanted into the field at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA, on 22 March 2001. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Two germplasm lines (11591 and AZ-2) were used for this experiment. Twenty plants of each line were harvested six times (November 2002, March 2003, July 2003, November 2003, March 2004, and July 2004) from each field plot. Two plants of each line were randomly assigned to each of 10 storage treatment combinations reflecting wet, dry, or wet alternated with dry conditions prior to chipping for latex extraction. Extractable latex content, total rubber content, resin content, and guayulin A and B contents were determined after storage and compared with freshly harvested shrub. Plant biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, and resin yield were also determined and compared with fresh harvested shrub. AZ-2 was significantly lower in latex, rubber, and guayulin A content than 11591, and significantly higher in biomass, latex yield, rubber yield, resin content, resin yield, and guayulin B content. The results from this study show that moist storage of harvested shrub prior to dry chipping allows a higher yield of latex. Storing the shrub under moist conditions may allow more flexible harvesting and processing schedules, by limiting post-harvest latex losses and increasing the time interval between harvesting and processing.     

新疆甜菜常见病害调查及防治对策

根据近几年对新疆博州地区甜菜病害的调查研究表明,目前糖用甜菜上危害严重的病害主要有:立枯病、根腐病、褐斑病、白粉病、蛇眼病。通过对这几种病害的发病条件、危害情况及防治方法的调查分析,提出针对性的防治对策。     

Indices of soil nitrogen availability for an ecological site classification of British forests

An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is essential for the successful establishment and sustainable productivity of forest stands. N deficits may necessitate the use of artificial fertilisers. Availability of N in the inorganic forms, and the relative abundance of the NO₃-N and NH₄-N components, influences the species composition of natural forest vegetation. Hence it is essential to use reliable measures of soil N supply that fully reflect its ecological significance. The new Ecological Site Classification (ESC) used in British forestry employs a multi-factorial definition of soil nutrient regime (SNR), including soil N. To develop this, a soil and vegetation study was made at 89 forest sites throughout Great Britain covering the major soil types used for forestry. “Total N” levels were compared with separate pre- and post-incubation measures of the two inorganic N components as potential indices of soil N supply. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the major discriminant chemical variables for the sampled soils were pH, calcium and NO₃-N and that these were also the main variables influencing the species composition of the ground vegetation. Total N and NH₄-N were less effective discriminant variables for these sites. In some infertile soils the levels of NH₄-N or total N may be of greater importance, as NO₃-N is usually in very limited supply. A multivariate gradient of SNR, which incorporates the NO₃-N measures, has been adopted for use within the ESC system. The position of a site on this gradient can be estimated quantitatively from soil type, ground vegetation species composition and humus type. This enables soil N supply and overall SNR to be assessed in a simple but effective way that guides the operational management of British forest soils for sustainable productivity. It will also be possible to use these techniques to monitor the nutritional status of forest sites over time.     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。