液态饲料对超早期隔离断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体质量为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。     

羊草草原枯枝落叶中能量特征 分析

在草原生态系统中，以枯枝落叶为主体的能量的输入，积累和释放，是能量流动的主要环节。每年因植物的枯死，转移到枯枝落叶的能量为３９４９．６７９ＫＪ．ｍ６２．ａ，其季节变化呈指数形式。现存枯枝落叶中贮存的能量为３４２４．１０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，经１年分解后，残留在枯枝落叶的能量为２２８２．４３ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，释放出的能量为１１４１．６０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，能量释放的季节动态呈Ｓ型曲线。     

激素诱乳技术推广应用及其效益分析

１９８７～１９９３年７年间用＂诱乳激素＂处理空怀奶牛１３０２头次，诱乳成功率达８６．ｌ％，并有８１．６％的牛恢复正常的生理周期，配种后的受胎率达７７．４％，直接经济效益为１５０余万元。本试验表明，对因饲养管理，生殖疾病等原因引起不孕及无乳的成年母牛，用＂诱乳激素＂进行人工诱乳是完全可行的且经济效益是十分显著的。     

苎麻自交一代分离和变异的研究

1983～1985年以“黄壳早”、“芦竹青”、“古巴苎麻”和“武冈红皮种”为材料进行自交,并观测了自交一代的分离和变异情况,研究结果表明:a.根据自交一代的形态分类,可将“芦竹青”繁殖后代分为40个类型,“芦竹青”自交一代的麻骨颜色分离为四种,其分离比例为9.3:4.2:3:0.7,基本符合孟德尔遗传规律;b.个体间产量性状差异很大,株高变冥为0.23～1.68m,茎粗变异为0.48～1.14 cm,有效株变异为1～23株;c.40个类型的纤维细度的变异呈正态分布,变异为1168～1905公支,最细的类型和最粗的类型相差747支上述结果表明:苎麻自交后代的形态性状、产量性状和纤维细度均产生显著的分离和差异。     

林木抗旱性生理指标及其在干旱区造林中应用研究

<正> 中国干旱半干旱区面积占全国面积的52.5%,半壁河山是以水分胁迫为主导限制因子的特殊生态区。为了提高这一地区的造林质量,选择旱生和抗旱性强的树种造林是主要造林技术之一。对于如何评价和比较林木的抗旱性,传统方法多采用对林木生态环境因子及对林木生     

“七五”国家科技攻关项目——蔬菜新品种选育研究Ⅳ.甜(辣)椒专题育成的新品种(系)简介

本文介绍了1986-1990年甜(辣)椒专题8个单位育成的15个甜椒、半辛辣椒新品种(系),其抗病性、品质、产量均优于对照品种,并已通过了农业部主持的专家组验收。     

‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.     

银杏幼胚离体培养再生植株的研究

 以佛手银杏幼胚为外植体, 研究了不同大小幼胚在不同培养条件下, 愈伤组织和胚状体的诱导发育情况。结果表明: 大于3 mm的幼胚, 在MK +NAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基上胚状体诱导率最高, 达到53.6% , 最多的一块愈伤组织形成多达38个胚状体。暗培养不利于胚状体的发生。在MK培养基上添加10%椰汁对胚状体的生长发育有很好的促进作用, 有34.5%生长成苗。     

葡萄自交与杂交后代香气成分的遗传研究

 利用气相色谱- 质谱- 计算机联用系统(GC-MC-CS) 对两个自交组合、1个杂交组合亲本及其后代的香气成分进行研究。结果表明: 同一组合中不同香气成分的分离情况不同, 同种香气成分在不同组合中的分离情况也不完全相同。果实香气成分的遗传主要表现为分离( 1∶1、1∶3、3∶1、15∶1) 与不分离两种方式, 发生分离的成分有些是由单基因控制的, 有些是由多基因控制的。     

低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系多胺代谢的变化

 利用外源Spd、PAO 抑制剂研究了黄瓜幼苗根系在低氧水培时的生长状况以及内源PAs、H₂O₂ 含量和PAO活性的动态变化。结果表明, 外源PAs对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系的生长有促进作用;低氧处理后3种PAs含量都明显上升, 外源Spd和PAO抑制剂增加了根系中的PAs含量, 降低了根系中H₂O₂ 含量, 减缓了低氧伤害; PAs为低氧胁迫的应激产物, PAO为适应酶类, 其活性随PAs含量的变化而发生变化。