浅谈HACCP在机制针形名茶中的应用

对HACCP作简要介绍，根据HACCP体系的要求，分析了机制针形名茶过程中各个环节可能出现的危害因素，用HACCP的原理确立了关键控制点，并且建立了相应的控制措施。     

Monitoring response to aminobisphosphonate therapy in canine osteosarcoma using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (dexa)

Introduction: Palliative therapy is essential to improve the quality of life of dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA), when definitive therapy is not considered a valid option. Bisphosphonates, a novel class of antiosteoclastic drugs, are widely used in humans for several painful osteolytic conditions. Dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is recognized as a reliable tool to measure bone mineral density (BMD), and to monitor treatment response to bisphosphonates in humans. A prospective evaluation of pamidronate, an injectable aminobisphosphonate, is ongoing in dogs with appendicular OSA. The potential value of DEXA for objective evaluation of BMD variations with palliative therapies is concurrently being assessed. Materials and Methods: Dogs with naturally occurring appendicular OSA treated with pamidronate constitute the patient population. A DEXA scan (QDR‐4500 W, Hologic, Bedford, MA) is performed on day 0 (baseline) and on every treatment day with pamidronate thereafter (every 28 days). For each dog, a whole body scan is performed, followed by a scan of the tumor, and contralateral normal bone. Three regions of interest are subsequently analyzed for BMD changes in tumor and normal bone. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t‐test and paired t‐tests, with significance being set at p < 0.05. Results: Nineteen dogs have been enrolled to date. Seven responders and 6 non‐responders have suitable data for analysis. A significant difference is observed (p = 0.04) between tumor BMD variations of responders and non‐responders at day 28 (mean variations +18.0% and ?4.6% respectively). The changes at day 28 are significant only in the responders (p = 0.038 vs p = 0.05 in non‐responders). When BMD of tumor and normal bone at day 84 is compared to day 0 in six responders, only tumor had a significant increase (p = 0.017 vs p = 0.279, respectively). Conclusions: Objective measurements of response to therapy are essential in pain palliation studies. Increased tumor bone BMD, as obtained by DEXA analysis, may correlate with subjective clinical improvement in pamidronate‐treated dogs with appendicular OSA.     

缓解高蛋白日粮引发禽痛风的典型药物比较试验

将200只22日龄罗曼肉鸡随机均分5组,以筛选能缓解高蛋白日粮引发痛风症的最佳药物。经5周试验,与未添加药物的对照组相比:①VA组能降低25%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高12.83%(P<0.01)的增重速度和8.43%的饲料报酬,对肠胃无不良影响;②别嘌呤醇(Allopuri-nol)组能降低22.5%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高11.95%(P<0.01)的增重速度和7.66%的饲料报酬,但产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;③苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone)组能降低20%(P<0.05)的痛风,提高11.5%(P<0.01)的增重速度和6.51%的饲料报酬,但也产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;④爱西特(Medicinalcharcoalcapsules)组能降低30%(P<0.01)的痛风,对肠胃无不良影响,但降低了3.54%(P>0.05)的增重速度和3.83%的饲料报酬。     

台湾桤木的组织培养

以台湾桤木(Alnus formosana)枝条的顶芽或腋芽为外植体进行了组织培养技术的研究,成功建立了台湾桤木组培快繁体系.研究结果表明:接种诱导培养基以1/2 MS+BA 0.2 mg·L-1最佳,诱导率为35.0%;继代培养基以MS+BA 0.2 mg·L-1最佳,芽增殖系数为2.87;生根培养基以1/2 MS+IBA 1 mg·L-1为最佳,生根率达100%,平均生根条数8.94;试管苗炼苗后移栽到糠壳灰:黄心土=1:3的基质中,移栽成活率可达85%以上.     

果实膨大期不同浓度GA3处理对大红袍花椒果实品质影响

施加GA₃等植物生长调节剂已成为提高果实品质的重要栽培管理手段,但施加GA₃对花椒果实品质的影响目前仍不清楚。为研究不同浓度GA₃处理在果实膨大期对大红袍花椒果实的外在品质和内在品质的影响,筛选出最优GA₃喷施浓度。选择大红袍花椒为研究对象,在花椒果实膨大期喷施浓度为25 mg/L,50 mg/L,75 mg/L和100 mg/L的GA₃,待果实成熟采收后,分别测定果粒的纵径、横径、百粒重、果皮油囊数量、总挥发油、酰胺类化合物、不挥发性乙醚萃取物以及总黄酮指标。结果表明,坐果期喷施75 mg/L GA₃时综合效果最好,果实纵径,横径,百粒重以及果皮油囊数量4项外在品质指标分别提升14%、11%、12%和35%。果皮总挥发油、麻味物质、不挥发性乙醚萃取物和总黄酮4项内在品质指标会显著提升33%、27%、13%和11%。本研究筛选出了提升花椒果实品质的最佳GA₃处理浓度,为花椒栽培管理提供了新的见解和思路。     

茄子黄萎病生防内生细菌29-12发酵条件的初步研究

初步探讨茄子黄萎病生防内生性枯草芽孢杆菌29-12的发酵条件,通过培养条件优化及正交试验得出最佳培养基配方为:玉米粉15 g/L、甘薯淀粉5 g/L、豆粕粉15 g/L、蛋白胨8 g/L、MgSO4 0.01%、K2HPO4 0.05%.最佳培养条件为:起始pH值7.5,250 ml三角瓶装液量100 ml,摇瓶速度120 r/min,接种量10%,温度30 ℃.在此条件下培养29-12菌株 84 h,抑菌圈大小为2.12 cm,1 ml含菌量为1.58×109 , 芽孢得率为100%.     

池塘网箱配合饲料养殖鳜鱼技术研究

为研究池塘网箱配合饲料养殖鳜鱼技术,在3个池塘中进行人工生态设置,架设不超过池塘总面积10%的网箱,网箱外投放不同生态位与食性的鱼类控制池塘生物总量,网箱中投放鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky)苗种,全程投喂配合饲料,结合投喂以中草药成分制作的药饵。试验结果表明,养殖期间未发生病害,3个池塘水质52.4%的时间为轻度富营养化,47.6%的时间为中度富营养化;商品鳜鱼产量15～18 kg/m2,折算池塘平均产量12 700～14 400 kg/hm2,养殖利润194 400～249 900元/hm2,商品鳜鱼规格整齐,起捕销售便捷,经济效益和生态效益显著。     

黄淮海地区不同种植结构下点蜂缘蝽的发生规律

为明确大豆-玉米带状间作种植模式对点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris发生规律的影响,2023年在山东省大豆单作田中进行诱捕效果试验,筛选诱捕效果最好的诱捕器对黄淮海地区山东、河南和安徽3个省6个市不同种植模式下点蜂缘蝽的发生动态进行监测。结果显示,风叶型诱捕器对点蜂缘蝽的诱捕效果最佳。在大豆单作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生高峰期为7月中旬—8月中旬,此时大豆正值盛花-始荚期。在大豆-玉米带状间作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生动态与大豆单作田的无明显差异,但点蜂缘蝽发生数量及高峰期发生时间可能与杀虫剂的施用时间和次数密切相关。     

桃蚜高效氯氰菊酯抗药性与乙酰胆碱酯酶的关系

于室内对桃蚜进行高效氯氰菊酯抗药性筛选,选育至10代后抗性倍数增长到49.9倍。生化分析表明,抗性品系乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性均显著高于敏感品系。比较两个品系乙酰胆碱酶活性个体频率分布发现,更多的桃蚜个体向酶活性高的区域分布。酶动力学测定结果显示,抗性桃蚜酯酶对底物的Vmax、Km显著大于敏感品系。     

杂交稻对褐稻虱和白背飞虱的抗性研究

本研究对我国南方稻区的38个杂交稻组合进行了对褐稻虱和白背飞虱的抗性测定,结果有9个组合兼抗褐稻虱和白背飞虱,仅抗其中1种飞虱的各占6个。采用经过改进的生存率及蜜露测定法,研究了杂交稻组合对两种飞虱的抗性机制,证明:杂交稻多数组合对白背飞虱的抗性机制以耐害性为主,其中部分组合兼有一定程度的抗生性;而对褐稻虱的抗性机制,多数组合表现以抗生性为主。对白背飞虱在某些地区推广杂交稻后上升为主要害虫的原因也作了探讨。