福建泉州湾环境质量评价

本文依据2000～2001年福建主要港湾水产养殖容量研究的调查资料，分析并评价了泉州湾的环境质量。结果表明：泉州湾DO、pH值、COD和活性磷酸盐基本符合二类海水水质标准，而无机氮严重超标。由于福建省第三大河流晋江携带大量工农业废水排入该海湾，造成水质无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量偏高，潜在富营养化因素，应加强污水排放的治理和海域环境保护。     

大黄鱼越冬试验

试验的主要目的是搞清大黄鱼的停食温度、极限致死温度和进食温度等,为大黄鱼产业化养殖在越冬方面提供理论依据。     

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。     

中国对虾体内维生素C的含量及其变化

维生素C又名抗坏血酸,它是对虾生长、代谢及维持正常生理功能所必需的有机化合物。对维生素C的需求量则因对虾的个体大小、生长率、成熟度和环境因子的不同而异。缺乏维生素C不仅影响对虾蜕皮和伤口愈合,而且还会导致患病或降低抗御不良环境的能力。到目前为止,我国养殖对虾配合饵料中所添加的维生素C数量多参照国外虾类的标准,尚无切合中国对虾特点的添加标准,这对我国的     

南海北部拖网35．2与30．3mm方目网囊渔获选择性比较

根据1997年10月和2000年11~12月的拖网网囊网目选择性试验资料,对网目内径35.2mm方目和30.3mm方目网囊的渔获选择性进行了比较和分析。对比试验结果表明,35.2mm方目网囊渔获尾数总逃逸率为39.28%、重量总逃逸率为16.18%,高于30.3mm方目网囊的28.40%和7.47%,35.2mm方目网囊的渔获选择性有所提高;2种规格方目网囊及其套网中出现的渔获种类较为相似,具有释放鱼类种类少、数量低的共同特点,且在渔获选择性能上的差别还不明显,对渔获种类数量的释放效果都相当有限;作为优势释放种类,大头狗母鱼、条尾绯鲤和多齿蛇鲻在2种规格方目网囊中的尾数逃逸率和重量逃逸率分别在42.9%~65.8%和24.2%~45.0%之间;其中条尾绯鲤和多齿蛇鲻的50%选择体长均未达到最低可捕标准。总体来看,2种规格方目网囊对渔获的总体释放效果还不理想,要实现负责任捕鱼,需进一步放大拖网方目网囊的网目尺寸。     

香螺雄性生殖系统的显微结构研究

香螺雌雄异体。雄性生殖系统由精巢和生殖导管构成,生殖导管可根据各段的形态和功能分为贮精囊、输精管和阴茎。生精小管内有处于不同发育时期的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞。由生殖腺排入生殖导管的,不具有活动能力。输精管壁有丰富的腺细胞构成,起前列腺的作用.为精子提供营养。精于由头部和尾部构成,具有较长的中段,螺旋线粒体鞘内中央为9 2型轴丝,末段糖原颗粒包围中央轴丝。     

池塘养殖增氧方式效果比较

为了解微孔增氧对池塘水体能量流动、水质及养殖效益的影响,对2种不同增氧方式下3个河蟹养殖池塘的养殖周期(4—9月份)进行了水质测定,获得了池塘不同水层的水温、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐及高锰酸钾盐指数数据。结果表明,夏季高温时采用微孔管道增氧能有效降低表层、底层的温差,一定程度上降低底层水温。微孔管道增氧能有效增加水体溶氧,开机90min水体底层溶氧增加速率是普通增氧机的5倍;6—9月份采用微孔增氧的池塘水体较普通增氧,NO2-N低70﹪以上,NH3-N低22.9﹪以上,高锰酸钾盐指数低20﹪以上,取得了较高的经济效益。     

Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippocampus erectus</Emphasis> during a breeding cycle

To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.     

特异性鸡蛋抗体防治中华鳖红脖子病的初步研究

选用引起中华鳖红脖子病的嗜水气单胞菌菌株,以灭活菌株作为抗原,对母鸡进行免疫,从鸡蛋中得到抗该病原的特异性鸡蛋抗体,适用浸泡及口服免疫法,并将该特异性鸡蛋抗体应用于中华鳖红脖子病的免疫防治试验。结果表明：特异性鸡蛋抗体对中华鳖红脖子病有较强的免疫保护率,浸泡浓度大于0．6ppm时,免疫保护率可达64．3％;口服免疫法每千克饲料必须添加0．2克鸡蛋抗体时,才具有较好的免疫作用。     

江黄颡鱼人工繁育的初步研究

对江黄颡鱼人工繁殖和育苗进行了试验。以PG(鲤鱼脑垂体激素)、HCG(绒毛膜促性腺激素)等催产药物进行混合催产,水温24～26℃,效应时间为20～24h,产卵率为90%以上。采用等渗液稀释磨碎的精巢进行人工授精,用塑料网片着卵板粘卵,在孵化池内孵化,平均孵化率为87%。研究结果表明:江黄颡鱼在广西的适宜催产季节为4月中旬至6月底,工厂化育苗的饵料可用丰年虫和适口虾料来解决。