山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

护理管理者领导力现状调查及影响因素分析

目的：调查护理管理者领导力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用管理者实践量表、一般自我效能感量表、职业倦怠量表、角色认知量表对浙江省210名护理管理者进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷210份,回收有效问卷182份,有效回收率为86．67％。本组护理管理者的领导力得分为（37．70±5．30）分;是否经常阅读管理书籍、是否参与护士长的分层培训、任命方式以及是否经过护士长岗前培训的护理管理者的领导力得分情况比较,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为－3．608,－7．136,2．343,－2．511;P＜0．05）。领导力与角色认知中的角色模糊、自我效能感以及职业倦怠中的个人成就感均呈正相关,与角色认知中的角色冲突以及职业倦怠中的情绪枯竭、去人格化因子呈负相关（ r值分别为0．589,0.521,0．509,－0．323,－0．291,－0．227;P＜0．01）。多元线性回归分析显示,角色认知中的角色模糊因子、是否参加护士长分层培训、职业倦怠中的个人成就感因子、自我效能感和是否阅读管理书籍为领导力的影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论领导力与护士长的角色认知、自我效能感、职业倦怠及是否分层培训均相关。管理者的分层培训有利于领导力的培养和提升,明确角色定位、降低职业倦怠和提高自我效能感同样可以提升护士长的领导力,另外护理管理者需加强经济管理学方面的知识培训。     

监测口蹄疫抗体的液相阻断ELISA法的改进和体会

液相阻断ELISA（LBE）法由于具有高度的敏感性、特异性和重复性,目前被广泛应用于动物免疫抗体效果监测实践工作中,特别是为防控牛、羊亚洲I型口蹄疫（FMD）做出了积极的贡献。但该方法操作繁琐,稍有不慎就会导致实验结果发生偏差或试验失败,笔者就该方法应用于亚I型口蹄疫抗体检测中的改进和体会作一总结。     

应用镰形扇头蜱及巴贝斯虫病水牛的染虫血感染黄牛试验

从非流行区购进无蜱寄生的健康黄牛５头与水牛犊１头，其中３头成年黄牛（２～８岁）在畜舍内用从流行区水牛身上采得的镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ成虫，置于牛耳壳内叮咬；１头运至流行区放牧，让蜱上身叮咬；１头黄牛犊（１０年龄）去蜱后２周，用液氮保存的患病水牛染虫血４ｍｌ（４×１０ ８个虫体）皮下注射；另一头去蜱水牛犊亦同时注射相同剂量的染虫血，作为对照。５头黄牛在试验期间其体温、精神、食欲正常，未出现任何临床症状，感染后１０～１２ｄ外周血液中出现少量不典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率在０．１％以下，持续３～５６消失；对照牛则体温升高（３９．８～４１．１℃），出现贫血、黄疸等症状，红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）降至２６％，外周血液中出现典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率（ＰＰＥ）高达１２％。对采用蜱叮咬及注射来自病水牛的染虫血为何不能使黄牛感染发病，文中进行了讨论。     

Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China

Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared to H120 vaccine strain, point mutation, short insertion, and deletion occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of the seven strains. Five of the seven strains had the motif (HRRRR), which was identical to that of the epidemic IBV strains in China. Two new motifs (HRLRR and RRIRR) emerged in the isolated strains. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene among the seven isolates was 81.7%-99.7% and 79.0%-99.4%, respectively. These seven strains were also genetically different from the vaccine strains and non-China IBV strains but closely related to large numbers of Chinese strains. The seven isolates and 36 reference IBV strains were clustered into six distinct groups (I-VI). The seven strains were categorized into groups I, II, and III, forming a big phylogenetic branch, which is closely related to Chinese IBVs, whereas the vaccine strains belonging to group VI are genetically distant from groups I, II, and III. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in China.     

常态下景天科室内观赏植物释放负离子的研究

目的为景天科拟石莲花属植物规模化繁殖和生产提供依据。方法以景天科拟石莲花属植物雪莲种子、红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶片以及3种播种基质(V_{泥炭土422#}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2、V_{泥炭土680#}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2和V_{本地红壤土}∶V_珍珠岩=3∶2)为试材,测定了3种基质的理化性质及其对红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶插生根率、新芽直径以及对雪莲种子发芽率的影响。结果3种基质的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、有机质和有效氮磷钾元素均存在差异,pH值和EC值均符合拟石莲花属植物的生长要求。3种基质对拟石莲花属植物叶插生根率影响不显著(P>0.05),对新芽直径和种子发芽率影响显著(P<0.05),拟石莲花属植物物种间的叶插生根率和新芽直径存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异,拟石莲花属植物物种和基质间存在互作效应。基质理化性质中,对拟石莲花属植物发芽率和生根率均为显著影响的共性因素为基质中有机质含量、氮元素含量和持水孔隙度,而对生长速度有极显著影响的因素为通气孔隙度。结论泥炭和珍珠岩复配较适宜作为拟石莲花属植物的叶插和播种繁殖基质,针对不同拟石莲花属植物品种筛选不同性质的泥炭,并且在不同生长期选用不同理化性质的基质,可获得更好的繁育效果。     

Using leaf tip necrosis as a phenotypic marker to predict the presence of durable rust resistance gene pair <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr34</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">Yr18</Emphasis> in wheat

Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf tip necrosis (LTN), a trait linked with the durable rust resistance gene pair Lr34/Yr18. LTN was frequent (i.e., ≥6) in nine replications of a field experiment over 3 years in 17 genotypes, and the varieties were considered positive for LTN. In molecular analyses of these varieties, having relative severity values up to 78 for yellow rust and 45 for leaf rust, the 150-bp Lr34/Yr18-linked allele was consistently amplified. Expression of LTN in six of nine replications is an appropriate threshold for predicting the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene pair, and genotypes can be selected using this trait.     

Rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">terpene synthase 18</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsTPS18</Emphasis>) encodes a sesquiterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-nerolidol against a bacterial pathogen of rice

Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.     

Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.