高压CO2处理保持非还原桃汁的品质

采用高压CO2（high pressure carbon dioxide,HPCD）处理非还原（not from concentrate,NFC）桃汁,分析HPCD处理后NFC桃汁pH值、可溶性固形物、色泽、酚类和抗氧化活性等品质特性的变化,讨论HPCD对NFC桃汁品质的影响。NFC桃汁的pH值和可溶性固形物含量分别为3.82和10.3°Brix,HPCD处理后没有显著变化;HPCD处理后NFC桃汁颜色变暗,色泽参数L、a、b值显著降低,对应的褐变度提高;NFC桃汁中的主要酚类物质有儿茶素、绿原酸、新绿原酸和阿魏酸,HPCD处理后酚类物质含量没有显著变化;采用FRAP和1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）清除率2种方法测定NFC桃汁的抗氧化活性,2种方法的测定结果都表明 HPCD 处理后 NFC 桃汁的抗氧化活性提高,并且随着处理时间的延长而逐渐提高。以上结果表明HPCD能较好的保持NFC桃汁的品质,为非热加工技术应用于果蔬加工提供理论基础。     

荔枝红外干燥均匀性与果壳孔隙分形色变研究

通过含水率试验拟合,比较了荔枝红外干燥过程各果含水率变化的均匀性,应用Image-Pro、SPSS软件,分析对比了干燥不同时刻荔枝果壳孔隙率均值差异及分形维数变化,由相对色差测定,研究了果壳表面色变过程。结果表明:荔枝红外干燥,各果含水率变化过程不均。初始质量较小果,含水率变化速率较大;随干燥时间增加,各果含水率变化速率减小,后期差距加大;干燥不同时刻果壳孔隙率随含水率降低显著性变化,其均值由0.519降至0.381、0.276、0.184,但分形维数由1.486升至1.674、1.708、1.800。荔枝红外干燥各果壳表面,初始DL、Db值变化大,后期变化小。     

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in poultry and swine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

The prevalence of qnr genes was investigated in veterinary clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Guangdong province, China, and the aac (6')-Ib gene and the mutations in QRDRs of gyrase and topoisomerase IV were examined in qnr-positive strains. A total of 232 E. coli strains isolated from pig and poultry were screened for the presence of the qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes by PCR and sequencing. The aac (6')-Ib gene was detected in qnr-bearing strains by PCR and sequencing. For all strains carrying qnr, MICs for six quinolones were determined. Mutations within the gyrase and topoisomerase were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for all the QRDRs of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. Among 232 E. coli isolates, 14 (6%) isolates were positive for the qnr gene, including one for qnrB, 13 for qnrS, but no qnrA was identified in this population. Detection of the aac (6')-Ib gene showed that one qnrS-positive isolate from pig and one qnrB-positive isolate from duck carried aac (6')-Ib gene, and both were the cr variant allele of aac (6')-Ib. All of the 14 isolates had MICs of ciprofloxacin more than 0.25 mg/L. Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA mutations were observed in 5 (35.7%) of the 14 strains. Three fluoroquinolone-resisting strains showed one mutation S83L of gyrA, while one S83I. One high-level resistance strains harboured gyrA S83L and A87N of gyrA. A singe mutation in site 58 of parC was detected in 3 (21.4%) strains. None mutations were found in QRDRs of gyrB and parE. The emergence of qnr genes in veterinary clinical E. coli isolates is described for the first time. This is also the first report of aac (6')-Ib-cr gene in E. coli isolates from food-producing animals.     

鱼腥草白绢病综合防治配套技术措施

鱼腥草白绢病在鱼腥草种植基地发生十分严重,已经成为阻碍鱼腥草生产的一大障碍.该文简述了鱼腥草白绢病的发生时期及其症状,提出了一套完整的鱼腥草白绢病综合防治配套技术,并详细介绍了栽培管理技术,种茎繁育技术,土壤处理技术,测土施肥技术,和药剂防治技术,通过该套技术将病害损失降低到最小程度,从而达到鱼腥草高产栽培,品质优良的目的.     

速生阶段西南桦人工林养分积累及其分配特征

对广西天峨县林朵林场速生阶段(12年生)西南桦(Betula alnoides)人工林的N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种养分元素的质量分数、积累及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:1西南桦不同器官养分质量分数由高到低依次为树叶、树枝、干皮、树根、干材;树叶和干材各元素质量分数由大到小依次为N、K、Ca、Mg、P;树枝、干皮和树根中则是K(或Ca)、N、Mg(或P)。2西南桦人工林养分总储量为1 172.85 kg·hm-2,其中乔木层养分储量占87.62%,灌草层和凋落物层养分储量分别占5.91%和6.47%。3西南桦人工林乔木层养分年净积累量为85.64 kg·(hm2·a)-1,不同养分元素年净积累量由大到小依次为N、K、Ca、Mg、P;每积累1 t干物质需要5种养分元素8.40 kg,其中对N的需求量最大,P最小。     

贵州北盘江镇喀斯特峡谷石漠化地区生态经济治理模式及效益分析

 石漠化地区是造林的困难地带和生态治理的重点地区。为了加快石漠化的综合治理,以喀斯特石漠化发育典型的北盘江镇花江大峡谷右岸的顶坛片区为例,在阐述顶坛片区的自然环境条件及石漠化现状的基础上,分析目前正在实施的几种石漠化治理模式:如“花椒—养猪—沼气”模式、“砂仁—养猪—沼气”模式、“传统粮食经济作物(如玉米、花生等)—砂仁、花椒”套种模式等,对这几种发展模式的生态经济效益、发展潜力、存在的问题等进行对比研究,查明第1种和第2种模式经济效益好,而第3种模式有更好的生态效益,并针对存在的问题,提出了对策。     

应用多元统计分析玉米农艺性状

在作物遗传育种研究中,产量及其相关性状多属于数量性状范畴,这类性状由多基因控制,易受环境影响使其遗传极为复杂,并且性状间常存在复杂相关关系.产量及其相关性状间的复杂关系使得育种中对以产量为目标的选择极为困难.多元统计分析是研究客观事物中多个变量之间相互依赖的统计规律性综合分析方法.合理利用多元统计分析可以加深对性状间相互关系的遗传规律及各相关性状对产量影响的主次和依存关系认识,为新品种选育和改良提供理论依据.对35个玉米品种(组合)的20个农艺性状应用GGE双标图、因子分析和聚类分析研究,结果表明,平均日产量、千粒重、穗长与产量呈显著正相关;20个农艺性状可综合为6个公因子;以6个公因子为综合指标对35个品种(组合)聚类结果聚成17个类群,其中G8、G14、G12、G10和G17为综合性状优良品种(组合).     

广西德保猪MC1R基因的克隆与分析

近年来含有天然黑色素的动植物黑色食品得到青睐,为探讨广西地方品种德保猪全黑毛色形成的分子机制,本文克隆了广西德保猪MC1R基因并进行了系统生物信息学分析。根据NCBI已公布的猪MC1R基因序列（GI：347618788）设计特异性引物,以从德保猪血液中提取的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增克隆获得长1 519 bp的MC1R基因序列片段。多重序列比较结果显示克隆片段与已公布的猪、牛、人、狗、绵羊、小鼠和鸡的相似性依次分别为99%、87%、86%、85%、84%、81%和77%,表明MC1R基因在不同哺乳动物间具有较高的保守型。德保猪MC1R蛋白结构预测结果显示,其理论分子质量为34.65 ku,等电点为8.70,为弱碱性蛋白,N-末端不存在信号肽,定位于细胞质膜,具有1个低复杂度结构域和7个跨膜结构域,具有典型的细胞膜受体蛋白结构。多项研究报道表明MC1R基因是动物毛皮颜色重要的决定基因,德保猪MC1R基因克隆为揭示其全黑色形成的分子机制奠定了较好的实验基础。     

New Furan and Cyclopentenone Derivatives from the Sponge-Associated Fungus Hypocrea Koningii PF04

Two new furan derivatives, hypofurans A and B (1 and 2), and three new cyclopentenone derivatives, hypocrenones A–C (3–5), along with seven known compounds (6–12), were isolated from a marine fungus Hypocrea koningii PF04 associated with the sponge Phakellia fusca. Among them, compounds 10 and 11 were obtained for the first time as natural products. The planar structures of compounds 1–5 were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Meanwhile, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined as 2R,3R by the comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All the isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Compounds 1, 10, and 12 all showed modest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC, 32 μg/mL). In addition, compounds 1, 10 and 11 exhibited moderate DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC₅₀ values of 27.4, 16.8, and 61.7 µg/mL, respectively.