出口禽肉风险分析研究

根据我国近十几年出口禽肉发生的有关案例与各主要进口国的兽医卫生要求，依据《国际动物卫生法典》的有关规定，对影响我国出口禽肉安全卫生质量的家禽疫病病原、各种食源性致病菌、农兽药物残留、放射性残留等因素进行风险分析，确定影响出口禽肉安全卫生的关键因素，由此制定保障出口禽肉安全卫生的管理措施。这是我国首次对出口禽肉进行风险分析研究。     

Combined microRNAome and transcriptome analysis of follicular phase and luteal phase in porcine ovaries

The aim of this study was to explore the expression difference of miRNAs and mRNAs between the follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in porcine ovaries and provide a theoretical basis for the research on mammalian reproductive regulation. RNA‐Seq and miRNA‐Seq were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between the FP and LP in ovaries of six sows (3‐year‐old Yorkshire pigs with similar weights and same parities). Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential genes and miRNAs related to porcine ovarian function. Real‐time qualitative PCR was used to validate the sequencing results. RNA‐Seq results showed that 3,078 genes were up‐regulated, and 1,444 genes were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP, and DEGs were significantly enriched in 242 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. miRNA‐Seq identified 112 DEMs, of which 25 were up‐regulated and 87 were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP. We obtained 186 intersection genes (IGs) between the 4,522 DEGs and 2,444 target genes predicted from the 112 DEMs. After constructing a miRNA‐gene‐pathway network, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR‐17‐3p, miR‐214, miR‐221‐5p, miR‐125b, FGF1, YWHAG, YWHAZ, FDFT1 and DHCR24, which are enriched in Hippo and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways, and various metabolic pathways. These results indicate that these key genes and miRNAs may play important roles in the developmental transition from FP to LP in porcine ovaries and represent candidate targets for further study.     

Sampling and Investigating Zearalenone Contamination of Feeds and Feedstuffs of Pig Farms in Beijing Area

本研究采用免疫亲和柱高效液相色谱法测定了北京地区猪场饲料原料及全价饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的含量,以了解北京地区饲料中ZEN的污染情况.试验抽样采集北京市昌平区、大兴区、延庆区、平谷区、顺义区5个区县15个猪场131份饲料样[55份玉米、豆粕、麸皮、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)原料,76份猪全价饲料]进行ZEN含量的测定.结果表明:玉米、豆粕、麸皮、DDGS和全价饲料中ZEN的检出率分别为100.00％、54.45％、100.00％、100.00％和58.88％,超标率分别为0.00％、0.00％、0.00％、41.18％和0.00％,平均含量分别为109.08、9.19、14.92、882.68和58.88 μg/kg.结果提示,不同饲料原料中ZEN含量存在差异,DDGS中ZEN平均含量超标,猪全价饲料及玉米、豆粕等饲料原料中ZEN平均含量均未超标.     

12个微卫星DNA标记在江口萝卜猪群体中的遗传多样性研究

采用12对微卫星引物对江口萝卜猪群体的遗传多样性进行研究。结果发现12个微卫星位点在江口萝卜猪群体中均具有多态性,平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数分别为0.760 1、0.707 9和4.173 7。实验结果表明,江口萝卜猪群体具有较高的遗传多样性,群体内部变异较大,若通过家系育种有较大的选育潜力。     

PPARγ和PCNA在口腔鳞癌组织的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ)与增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在口腔鳞癌中(oral squamous-cell carcinoma,OSCC)的表达及其生物学意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学和流式细胞术检测50例口腔鳞状细胞癌、癌旁黏膜(距瘤缘2 cm)和切缘正常黏膜(距瘤缘≥5 cm,镜下未见癌浸润)标本中PPARγ和PCNA的表达.结果 PPARγ在癌组织中的阳性表达率为68.0% (34/50),高于癌旁组织(26.0%,13/50)和正常黏膜组织(2.0%,1/50) (P ＜0.05);PCNA在癌组织中的阳性表达率为72.0% (36/50),高于癌旁组织(26.0%,13/50)和正常黏膜组织(4.0%,2/50)(P＜0.05).流式细胞术检测PPARγ在鳞癌组织中的表达为(396.56±33.39),明显高于癌旁组织(333.36±15.93)及正常口腔黏膜组织(289.28±13.80)(P＜0.05).PCNA在鳞癌组织中的表达为(543.11±41.55),明显高于癌旁组织(456.97±23.86)和正常口腔黏膜组织(409.40±40.07) (P ＜0.05).PPARγ和PCNA的表达与细胞分化程度、淋巴结转移均有相关性(PPARγ,r分别为0.497、0.392,P＜0.05;PCNA,r分别为0.324、0.561,P＜0.05),且二者在口腔鳞癌中的表达呈正相关.结论 口腔鳞癌组织中PPARγ和PCNA的表达均升高,可能与口腔鳞癌的发生、发展相关.     

鹅DHRS7基因克隆、序列分析及其在鹅肥肝形成过程中的表达特点

为获得鹅DHRS7基因全长cDNA,并探讨该基因是否参与鹅肥肝的形成过程。本研究应用抑制消减杂交文库获得鹅DHRS7基因部分EST序列,采用RACE技术扩增了鹅该基因全长cDNA,并对其序列进行了生物信息分析;用荧光定量PCR技术检测了DHRS7在鹅肝脏、皮脂、腹脂等10个组织中的差异表达,以及填饲对鹅肝脏中DHRS7表达变化的影响。结果发现,鹅DHRS7基因cDNA全长1 279bp,含一个完整的开放阅读框1 011bp(可编码336个氨基酸),25bp的5′UTR和243bp的3′UTR序列;生物信息学分析结果显示,鹅DHRS7含有跨膜结构域以及NADP结合位点,且在这些功能区域变异较少;荧光定量结果显示,DHRS7在鹅肝脏和脂肪组织中都有较高表达,填饲后鹅肝脏中DHRS7的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,DHRS7在鹅肥肝形成过程中具有重要的作用。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白与猪RACK1相互作用的鉴定

为筛选和鉴定与猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白相互作用的猪宿主蛋白,我们采用酵母双杂交方法筛选猪肺泡巨噬细胞表达文库得到与CSFV E2蛋白相互作用的宿主细胞RACK1蛋白,经共转化试验和GST pull-down试验进一步证实两者可以特异性结合,并且共聚焦试验表明两者共定位于细胞的细胞浆。本研究显示E2蛋白与宿主细胞RACK1蛋白存在相互作用,RACK1在CSFV感染过程中所发挥的功能有待进一步研究。     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况

本文通报了2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况。在2012年,湖南省、湖北省、江西省、四川省、安徽省、云南省、江苏省等7省共有存栏牛1 033 056头,存栏羊2 024 512只,其他家畜存栏数891 301头（匹、只）。2012年共检查了684 899头牛,其中牛血吸虫病阳性3961头,阳性率0.58%,比2011年的阳性数下降了42.57%;检查了71 473只羊,其中羊血吸虫病阳性406只,阳性率0.57%,比2011年的阳性数下降了4.19%,并对142 976头其他家畜进行了检查,其中血吸虫病阳性为21头,阳性率0.01%。湖南省和江西省的病牛数占到了全国病牛数的80.06%。2012年,全国家畜血吸虫病疫情较之2011年继续下降,但是洞庭湖和鄱阳湖地区依然是今后家畜血吸虫病疫情控制的难点和重点。     

羊痒病研究进展

牛的海绵状脑病（BSE）的爆发让人们意识到要控制传染性海绵状脑病（TSE）的流行来保护人和动物的健康。羊痒病是世界上传播最广的传染性海绵状脑病,为此,不同国家的兽医当局都有针对痒病的根除计划,除了增强对动物的监管外,还要培育对痒病有抗性的羊。笔者主要综述了当前羊痒病的研究进展。