Identification and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for backfat on bovine chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 19, 21, and 23 in a commercial line of Bos taurus

Backfat thickness is one of the major quantitative traits that affects carcass quality in beef cattle. In this study, we identified and fine-mapped QTL for backfat EBV on bovine chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 19, 21, and 23 using an identical-by-descent haplotype-sharing analysis in a commercial line of Bos taurus. Eleven haplotypes were found to have significant associations with backfat EBV at the comparison-wise P-value threshold, and one at the chromosome-wise P-value threshold on bovine chromosomes 5, 6, 19, 21, and 23. On average, the 12 significant haplotypes had an effect of 0.62 SD on backfat EBV, ranging from 0.38 SD to 1.33 SD. The 12 significant haplotypes spanned nine chromosomal regions, one on chromosome 5 (65.4 to 70.0 cM), three on 6 (8.2 to 11.8 cM, 63.6 to 68.1 cM, and 81.5 to 83.0 cM), three on 19 (4.8 to 15.9 cM, 39.4 to 46.5 cM, and 65.7 to 99.5 cM), one on 21 (46.1 to 53.1 cM), and one on 23 (45.1 to 50.9 cM). Among the nine chromosomal regions, six were new QTL regions and three showed remarkable agreement with QTL regions that were previously reported. Eight of the nine QTL regions were localized to less than or close to 10 cM in genetic distance. The results provide a useful reference for further positional candidate gene research and marker-assisted selection for backfat.     

遮阴对10种野生观赏植物生长及生理特性的影响

为了探讨野生观赏植物在遮阴条件下的生态适应性及寻求适度的遮阴比例,选取兰州地区10种野生观赏植物为试验材料,比较测定不同光强生境(全光照、25%、50%、70%遮光率)对10种野生观赏植物生长和生理生化的影响。结果表明,角茴香(Hypecoum erectum)和驴蹄草(Caltha palustris)含水率随着遮阴度的增加而增加,小花草玉梅(Anemone rivularis)在75%遮阴度时干重最大,显著高于其余遮阴处理及全光照(CK)(P0.05);藤本铁线莲(Clematis florida)可溶性糖含量随着遮阴度的增加而减少,鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)、角茴香、水杨梅(Geum aleppicum)和驴蹄草的叶绿素含量随着遮阴度的增加而增加;东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis)、角茴香和驴蹄草在全光照下丙二醛的含量显著高于其它处理(P0.05),香青(Anaphalis sinica)和水杨梅在75%遮阴度下丙二醛含量较高。综上所述,香青、莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis)、藤本铁线莲和野棉花(A.vitifolia)比较适合全光照生长;鹅绒委陵菜、小花草玉梅、东方草莓、角茴香和水杨梅可以忍耐适当的遮阴环境;驴蹄草适合在遮阴条件下生长。     

豌豆蚜生物生态学特性

豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)是许多豆科作物及牧草的重要害虫,不但直接取食寄主植物,造成严重的经济损失,而且还会传播多种植物病毒。豌豆蚜作为生态学研究的模式昆虫,具有复杂的生活周期、多样的生殖方式、表型可塑性以及与细菌复杂的共生关系等诸多特点,已成为众多科学家感兴趣的研究对象。本文全面总结了豌豆蚜生物生态学特性的研究成果,重点综述了豌豆蚜的多型现象和内共生菌研究的最新进展,提出研究豌豆蚜在全球气候和作物种植结构变化下生物生态学特性演变规律的必要性,加强其生态适应性及多型现象等遗传机制研究,以期为建立该虫的可持续防控技术体系提供依据。     

Selection on multiple QTL with control of gene diversity and inbreeding for long-term benefit

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate selection strategies that aim at maximizing long-term genetic response while conserving gene diversity and controlling inbreeding in populations of limited effective size, assuming complete knowledge of all genes affecting a quantitative trait. Three selection strategies were proposed to select on 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and compared with truncation selection on breeding value. Alternative selection strategies aimed at maximizing the average breeding value of parents with a penalty on (1) the number of unfavourable QTL genotypes among parents (OS-I), (2) the negative of the logarithm of the frequency of the favourable allele at each QTL among parents (OS-II), and (3) the average pedigree relationship among parents (OS-III). When all QTL and their effects were known, the strategies examined were able to obtain extra long-term responses, conserve QTL diversity and reduce inbreeding, compared with truncation selection. Strategy OS-II was the most effective in conserving QTL diversity and OS-III in reducing inbreeding. By changing the magnitude of the penalties applied, the impact on long-term response, inbreeding and diversity can be controlled. Extra long-term responses over truncation selection of OS-I and OS-II were even greater when effects of QTL were estimated rather than assumed known, indicating the applicability of results to practical strategies for marker-assisted selection. Extra responses are expected to be reduced for larger population sizes.     

中国苜蓿产业发展面临的问题及其对策

"困难如潮,希望似海"。建设现代农业产业技术体系是提高农业科技创新能力和创新效率的新思路、新机制。要以产品为单元,以产业为主线,梳理每个农产品产业链条的技术需求,解决每个环节的生产技术难题,依靠科技进步提升农业的素质、效益和竞争力。本刊携手国家奶牛产业技术研发中心共同开办"奶牛养殖"专栏。本栏目将围绕奶业发展的需求,以详实的数据、实用的技术、朴实的文章、精美的版式,宣传现代奶牛产业技术,提高奶业科技创新能力,增强我国奶业竞争力。     

利血平增敏法检测恩诺沙星药物残留的研究

目的了解恩诺沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的抗菌活性及利血平对其抗菌活性的影响。方法采用对倍稀释浓度琼脂平板法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值,同法测定利血平对恩诺沙星对金葡菌MIC值的影响。结果利血平可有效增强恩诺沙星的抗菌活性,增大了恩诺沙星抑制金葡菌的抑菌圈直径,提高了恩诺沙星在组织中检测的灵敏度。研究发现利血平加入后中心浓度由0.5ul/ml变为0.0625ul/ml,最低检测限由0.125μg/ml降低到0.015625μg/ml。最低检测限减低了8倍。     

Serial evaluation of protein C and antithrombin in dogs with sepsis

BACKGROUND: Protein C (PC) and antithrombin (AT) activities are decreased in humans with severe sepsis, and persistent changes are associated with decreased survival. In dogs with sepsis, PC and AT have been shown to be decreased at the time of diagnosis. HYPOTHESIS: PC and AT activities change significantly over time in dogs with sepsis and may be related to outcome. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with naturally occurring sepsis. METHODS: Blood was collected from 12 dogs with sepsis, defined as histopathologic or microbiologic confirmation of infection and two of the following: hypo- or hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, leukopenia, leukocytosis, or >3% bands. The time of 1st sampling was considered day 1 and sampling was repeated every 24 hours for 5 days or until discharge or death. Changes over time were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures, and the association between PC and AT and outcome was determined by a 2-equation treatment effects model. RESULTS: Nine dogs and 11 dogs had decreased PC and AT activity on day 1, respectively (mean PC, 66.0 +/- 25.8%; mean AT, 48.1 +/- 16.5%). PC activity significantly decreased from day 1 to day 2 (P= .001), then increased over time. Changes in PC (P < .001) and AT (P < .001) over time were likely associated with outcome with nonsurvivors having lower PC and AT activities than survivors. CONCLUSION: Results of this preliminary study show that PC and AT activities change significantly over time in dogs with sepsis and both are likely related to survival.     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白转基因小鼠的构建研究

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ ＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段正向插入ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ，用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＳａｌⅠ对ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ进行双酶切后，回收含有狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ和绵羊ＭＴ启动子的２．７６ｋｂ片段，通过显微注射技术将该片段注入小鼠单细胞受精卵雄前核内，在进行胚胎移植后，获得４４只小鼠，经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及原位     

利用Java技术建立草地农业信息资源数据库

草地农业信息资源数据库利用Java技术和Web方式实现，分析了用户需求和系统优势，阐明了数据库的设计思路、结构及系统实现方法。     

面对加入WTO的机遇和挑战正确实施WTO-SPS协议

加入WTO给我国带来了机遇和挑战,对此我们要有必要的思想准备.对动物卫生行业来说,机遇就是我们可以利用贸易全球化的有利条件大力促进我国畜牧经济的发展,努力提高我国动物防疫水平,提高我国动物产品卫生质量,并将我国动物产品打入国际市场;而我们所面临的挑战则是以发达国家为代表的部分国家利用SPS协议(<卫生及植物卫生措施实施协议>),凭借自身科技优势构筑非关税壁垒即"技术性贸易壁垒"(TBT),以限制他国产品,包括动物产品进口,同时又形成"贸易攻势"将本国产品更多打入他国,为自身的经济利益服务,对进口国的畜牧产业形成强大冲击.