不同杨树品种冠径比的差异性分析

对32个杨树品种冠幅与胸径比例关系的差异性进行比较,结果表明:不同杨树品种冠径比存在极显著差异,107杨、鲁山杨、W46杨、95杨、895杨等5个品种具有生长快和冠径比小的优点。冠径比在品种选择和密度确定等方面具有一定参考价值。     

Characteristics of soil seed bank in plantation forest in the rocky mountain region of Beijing, China

We investigated characteristics (scales and composition) of soil seed banks at eight study sites in the rocky mountain region of Beijing by seed identification and germination monitoring. We also surveyed the vegetation communities at the eight study sites to explore the role of soil seed banks in vegetation restoration. The storage capacity of soil seed banks at the eight sites ranked from 766.26 to 2461.92 seeds·m -2 . A total of 23 plant species were found in soil seed banks, of which 63 80% of seeds were herbs in various soil layers and 60% of seeds were located in the soil layer at 0 5cm depth. Biodiversity indices indicated clear differences in species diversity of soil seed banks among different plant communities. The species composition of aboveground vegetation showed low similarity with that based on soil seed banks. In the above- ground plant community, the afforestation tree species showed high importance values. The plant species originating from soil seed banks represented natural regeneration, which also showed relatively high importance values. This study suggests that in the rocky mountain region of Beijing the soil seed banks played a key role in the transformation from pure plantation forest to near-natural forest, promoting natural ecological processes, and the role of the seed banks in vegetation restoration was important to the improvement of ecological restoration methods.     

Dietary quercetin improved the growth,antioxidation, and flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

To investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth, antioxidation, and flesh quality of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, six diets were prepared with quercetin inclusion rates of 0 (control diet), 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g/kg. Grass carp with a body weight of 13.3 ± 0.1 g were fed with one of the six diets for 60 days. The weight gain (WG) showed a quadratic relationship with dietary quercetin levels; the supplementation of 0.4 g/kg quercetin significantly improved WG (+4.73%) and decreased feed conversion ratio (?0.06) (p < .05) when compared to those of the control group. The intestinal fat ratio was reduced by the addition of 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05), and serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were increased by the addition of 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05). The inclusion of 0.2–0.6 g/kg of quercetin increased the contents of delicious amino acids and decreased the cooking loss of flesh (p < .05). Flesh collagen content was increased by the addition of 0.4–0.8 g/kg of quercetin (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary quercetin could improve the growth and enhance the antioxidation and flesh quality of grass carp, with the recommended supplemental level of quercetin was 0.37 g/kg.     

海南琼中县全力打造"琼中绿橙"品牌

海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县位于海南岛中部,五指山脚下,全县有土地总面积2693平方公里,人口20.36万人,是典型的山区县和少数民族集居县,属热带和亚热带气候,年均气温22.8度,年均日照1743.1小时,年均降水量2444mm,冬无严寒、夏无酷暑,四季如春,生态环境优美,生态环境综合指数经国家环保部门评定位居全国第四位.     

窝铺山区生态农业的建设研究

文章探讨了发展山区农业经济的问题,如何利用自然资源,利用现代科学技术建设生态农业系统工程,发展农业生产、振兴山区经济.按照“多层利用型”、“综合利用型”及“循环利用型”三种生态农业单元进行建设与研究.运用生态经济学原理与系统工程方法,以小流域综合治理、保持水土为基础,以发展林果业、城郊型畜牧业为重点,充分利用光、热、水、土等自然资源和现代科学技术,走种、养、加的路子,实现物质能量的多层次循环利用与转换,提高了农民的科学文化素质,获得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益.     

Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.     

粉煤灰复田立地欧美杨营养诊断研究

（１）叶片营养诊断表明，粉煤灰复田立地上欧美杨处于Ｎ素和Ｐ素亏缺状态，而Ｋ素较为充足，但施Ｋ有利于林木对Ｐ素的吸收，效应仍很显著。（２）相关分析表明，叶片Ｎ、Ｋ素浓度与生长呈正相关关系，而Ｐ则呈负相关关系，说明叶片Ｐ素含量与生长的关系实质上是一种“稀释效应”。     

基于迁移学习的嫩江市主要农作物遥感分类

【目的 】机器学习模型在农作物分类研究领域有着较高精度,但如何利用历史样本用于当前时间的作物分类是一个难点。迁移学习的核心思想在于找到已有数据与新数据之间的相似性,文章旨在探索迁移学习方法使用历史样本进行作物分类的可靠性。【方法 】该文以嫩江市为研究区域,基于实地采样数据与遥感数据,用随机森林（Random Forest,RF）分类器,结合多种遥感指数,对2020—2021年嫩江市玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类;利用动态时间规整方法,以2020—2021年实地采样数据生成2022年的分类样本,用RF对2022年嫩江市的玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类。【结果 】（1）对2020—2021年玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类,RF的平均总体精度达到97.8%。（2）对动态时间规整方法生成的2022年玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类,RF的总体精度达到87.5%。【结论 】基于迁移学习的作物识别方法达到较高精度,具有实践意义,可提高历史时期样本的利用效率。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.     

Comparative study on the utilization of crystalline methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

The objective of this study was to compare the supplemental effects of crystalline DL‐methionine (DL‐Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium (MHA‐Ca) on growth performance of Pacific white shrimp. Eight isoproteinic (355.3 ± 2.0 g/kg diet) and isolipidic (70.0 ± 2.2 g/kg diet) diets were prepared as positive diet (20% fish meal), negative diet (15% fish meal) and DL‐Met, MHA‐Ca‐supplemented diets with the supplementation of 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09% DL‐Met and 0.04%, 0.07%, 0.1% MHA‐Ca in negative diet respectively. Pacific white shrimp (0.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed one of the eight diets for 49 days. The results showed that dietary DL‐Met did not affect weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p > 0.05), but the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca significantly increased WG, protein and lipid retention, and reduced FCR (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative group, and reached the similar levels as the positive control. The total free amino acids (TFAA) in haemolymph of MHA‐Ca groups and PC, NC group peaked at the 3rd hr after feeding, but the peaking time of DL‐Met groups was advanced to the 2nd hr. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in haemolymph of all MHA‐Ca groups peaked at the 2nd hr, but DL‐Met groups peaked at the 1st hr after feeding. The above results indicated that the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca in a low fish meal diet could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of Pacific white shrimp, but dietary DL‐Met did not significantly affect the growth.