上海农业信息化现状和发展思路分析

农业信息化是农业现代化的重要内容和支撑条件。通过对上海农业信息化发展的现状和条件进行了系统的分析，明确了当前发展农业信息化的有利条件和不利因素，在此基础上提出了上海发展农业信息化的总体思路和主要建设内容。     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

乙烯利对干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾生理指标的影响

以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)‘Nuglade'品种为试验材料,研究叶片喷施乙烯利对草地早熟禾在水分充足、干旱及复水恢复3种处理下叶片电解质渗透率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)等生理指标的影响。结果表明,乙烯利与对照组(CK)相比,乙烯利在干旱胁迫下保持更高的叶片相对含水量23.5%(对照为11.5%)和更低的电解质渗透率68.1%(对照为90.7%)及MDA含量53.90μmol·g~(-1)(对照检查131.62μmol·g~(-1)),且复水后的电解质渗透率恢复程度更好;此外乙烯利处理提高了复水恢复过程草地早熟禾的可溶性蛋白含量;说明,叶片喷施乙烯利能够缓解草地早熟禾的干旱胁迫损伤,并促进干旱后的复水恢复。     

不同温度对紫罗勒萜烯类挥发物释放的影响

以盆栽紫罗勒Ocimum basilicum‘Purple Ruffles’为试验材料,经3个不同温度(20,30,40℃)处理后,使用动态顶空法采集香气,然后采用自动热脱附-气相色谱/质量色谱联用技术(ATD-GC/MS)对萜烯类香气成分和释放量进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,紫罗勒香气中的萜烯类化合物数量随温度升高表现出降低的趋势,并且相对含量也表现出明显变化,说明温度能显著影响紫罗勒萜烯化合物的释放,但各个萜烯类化合物的变化规律不同。在检测到的萜烯化合物中桉叶油醇含量最高,3个温度下的平均含量达到了81%,远远高于其他成分,可初步判断桉叶油醇为紫罗勒挥发物中萜烯化合物的主要成分。     

一个农牧结合生态系统物流模型的建立及持续性分析

建立了人口、玉米连作与奶牛养殖相结合的农牧生态系统物流模型。并运用Ｃ语文编制程序进行预测，经多年实验数据检验效果较好，说明模型有效、可行并具有一定通用性。最后将模型用于哈尔滨玉米带，探索几种不同的农业类型的结构与功能，并进行持续性分析。     

华重楼野生种群表型变异研究

目的 综合分析华重楼Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara野生种群的表型变异规律,为其种质资源保护、药材资源开发利用和繁育改良提供理论支撑。方法 以我国分布区内7个野生华重楼地理种群为研究对象,对其17个表型性状进行系统测量,利用方差分析、变异系数分析、多重比较分析和相关性分析等多种数理统计分析方法,探讨其表型变异规律及其与地理气候因子的关系。结果 除叶片数和花萼片数外,野生华重楼其他15个表型性状在种群间和种群内有显著或极显著的差异;种群内的变异(方差分量占比为52.19%)大于种群间的变异(方差分量占比为26.39%),表型性状的平均分化系数为34.27%,种群内变异是华重楼表型变异的主要来源;各表型性状的平均变异系数为17.72%,变异幅度为6.83%~29.95%,花梗长、叶面积、花萼面积和株高的变异幅度远大于平均变异系数,叶片数、花萼片数、果球横径、果球纵径、果球横纵比和种子千粒质量的变异幅度远小于平均变异系数,表明华重楼花、叶的数量指标及果球、种子的性状稳定性大于叶片形态性状的稳定性;相关分析表明,大多数表型因子与地理气候因子之间存在显著或极显著的相关性。结论 广东清远地理种群变异最为丰富,可作为种质资源收集保存的优选对象。     

京郊生态果园中的植物调查

北京郊区生态果园数量较多。对不使用除草剂,主要采取清耕措施为主的生态果园中非靶标植物进行调查、分类和分析,将果园中植物分为4类,即果园杂草、果园行间生草和种草、果园趋避植物、果园栅栏植物。其中果园杂草有34科95属115种,其中常见的83种。常见种中以一、二年生草本和具地下根状茎或以地面芽越冬的多年生草本为主,彻底清除比较困难。并和30年前果园杂草从物种多样性和分布情况方面进行了比较,发现物种多样性有所下降,少了10科31属59种植物,但也新增加了2科17属30种,净减少8科14属29种;杂草中有7种属于外来入侵物种。统计出行间种草10种,种植趋避植物20种,建议用作栅栏植物8种。     

阿月浑子的组织培养和快速繁殖简报

以阿月浑子良种‘科尔曼''的种子和枝条作为外植体进行组织培养.结果表明:1/2DKW和1/2DKW+6.BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L作为种子萌发和茎段分化的培养基;1/2DKW+6.BA4.0 mg/L+IBA 0.05 mg/L为增殖培养基,增殖系数可达3.6;1/2DKW+IBA5 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L为生根培养基,生根率75%以上,移栽在河砂与蛭石(3:1)混合基质中,成活率达79%以上.     

Effects of level of dietary protein and exercise on growth rates of horses

Rates of growth were measured in two-year-old (Experiment 1) and nine-month-old (Experiment 2) horses fed high (12 or 14 per cent) or low (6 or 8 per cent) crude protein diets with one of two levels of exercise (0 or 12 km trotting per day at 12 km/h). In the non-exercised horses feed intakes and growth rates were greater on the high than on the low protein diets. Exercise increased feed intakes and growth rates of horses on the low but not the high protein diets, so that in the exercised groups there were no significant differences in feed intakes or growth rates between the horses on the two dietary protein levels. Exercise increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy and crude protein. There were no differences in skeletal characteristics caused by either dietary protein level or exercise. These results suggest that the growing horse, if exercised regularly, may be given a diet of lower protein concentration than currently recommended without significant reduction in growth rate.     

福建武夷山生物圈保护区森林防火系统的研究

武夷山生物圈保护区，是以保护亚热带森林生态系统和自然景观为主的保护区．为了搞好该区的森林防火工作，在建立保护区地理信息系统、分析其护林防火现状的基础上，对其森林火灾预防监测体系进行了系统设计，对现代林火管理系统、火险等级及分布、森林火灾蔓延模型等进行了模拟和设置，为现代林火管理、防火设施配制及火灾损失评估等提供了系统分析的依据．