基于迁移学习的嫩江市主要农作物遥感分类

【目的 】机器学习模型在农作物分类研究领域有着较高精度,但如何利用历史样本用于当前时间的作物分类是一个难点。迁移学习的核心思想在于找到已有数据与新数据之间的相似性,文章旨在探索迁移学习方法使用历史样本进行作物分类的可靠性。【方法 】该文以嫩江市为研究区域,基于实地采样数据与遥感数据,用随机森林（Random Forest,RF）分类器,结合多种遥感指数,对2020—2021年嫩江市玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类;利用动态时间规整方法,以2020—2021年实地采样数据生成2022年的分类样本,用RF对2022年嫩江市的玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类。【结果 】（1）对2020—2021年玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类,RF的平均总体精度达到97.8%。（2）对动态时间规整方法生成的2022年玉米与大豆种植区域进行分类,RF的总体精度达到87.5%。【结论 】基于迁移学习的作物识别方法达到较高精度,具有实践意义,可提高历史时期样本的利用效率。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.     

Comparative study on the utilization of crystalline methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

The objective of this study was to compare the supplemental effects of crystalline DL‐methionine (DL‐Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium (MHA‐Ca) on growth performance of Pacific white shrimp. Eight isoproteinic (355.3 ± 2.0 g/kg diet) and isolipidic (70.0 ± 2.2 g/kg diet) diets were prepared as positive diet (20% fish meal), negative diet (15% fish meal) and DL‐Met, MHA‐Ca‐supplemented diets with the supplementation of 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09% DL‐Met and 0.04%, 0.07%, 0.1% MHA‐Ca in negative diet respectively. Pacific white shrimp (0.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed one of the eight diets for 49 days. The results showed that dietary DL‐Met did not affect weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p > 0.05), but the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca significantly increased WG, protein and lipid retention, and reduced FCR (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative group, and reached the similar levels as the positive control. The total free amino acids (TFAA) in haemolymph of MHA‐Ca groups and PC, NC group peaked at the 3rd hr after feeding, but the peaking time of DL‐Met groups was advanced to the 2nd hr. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in haemolymph of all MHA‐Ca groups peaked at the 2nd hr, but DL‐Met groups peaked at the 1st hr after feeding. The above results indicated that the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca in a low fish meal diet could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of Pacific white shrimp, but dietary DL‐Met did not significantly affect the growth.     

Population structure,genetic diversity,and sexual state of the rice brown spot pathogen Bipolaris oryzae from three Asian countries

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot in rice (Oryza sativa) inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. In this study, B. oryzae isolates sampled from Iran, the Philippines and Japan were analysed with 12 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, newly developed from the genome sequence of the fungus. Among the 288 B. oryzae isolates genotyped, 278 unique haplotypes were identified. High genotype numbers (richness) with even distribution (evenness) were found within the collection sites. Both mating types, MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2, were present in each collection area, and the sexual state was induced under controlled conditions with production of viable ascospores. However, the tests of linkage disequilibrium rejected of the hypothesis of random mating. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the B. oryzae collection formed three clusters, each consisting of isolates from different collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (amova ) showed that genetic variation among clusters was 18.7%, with the rest of the variation distributed within clusters (R_ST = 0.187, P < 0.001). Statistically significant pairwise genetic differentiation was found between the clusters. These results show that Asian B. oryzae isolates are genetically diverse, and, overall, distributed in three groups. These findings will be helpful in managing the disease and guide the use of representative isolates needed for selection of resistant rice varieties.     

浅谈我国的水产饲料行业标准

<正>我国是产量位居世界第一的水产养殖大国,在我国水产养殖业的发展过程中,水产饲料工业发挥了至关重要的作用。饲料是进行养殖生产最为重要的物质     

花生油乳液稳定特性研究

本实验研究了三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(C-18A)、四聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(D-18A)、六聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(F-18A)、六聚甘油六硬脂酸酯(F-18F)、卵磷脂、分子蒸馏单甘酯(单甘酯)和两种蔗糖酯(SE11、SE15)共八种常用的非离子型乳化剂对花生油O/W型乳状液的表面张力及粒径的影响,并采用Box-Behnken响应面设计.以脂肪上浮速率为响应值,对乳化剂进行了复配.结果表明,八种乳化剂中卵磷脂及单甘酯在降低乳液表面张力方面效果最好,SE11及SE15在降低乳液粒径方面效果最好(P<0.05).响应面中各因素对乳液脂肪上浮速率影响的显著程度依次为SE15、卵磷脂、单甘酯,最佳乳化剂配方为单甘5g/L、卵磷脂7g/L、SE15 5g/L,该配方下乳状液的脂肪上浮速率为0.1643%/s.     

不同氮素籽粒生产效率油菜品种苗期叶片光合特性差异

2007-2008年度通过对不同氮肥水平下28个品种苗期叶片叶绿素含量和光合参数以及氮素籽粒生产效率的测定,结果表明：（1）不同品种氮素籽粒生产效率差异较大,施用氮肥氮素籽粒生产效率显著降低。（2）多数品种施用氮肥叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),净光合速率(Pn)增加;PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm),光化学淬灭系数(qP)增加,非光化学淬灭系数(qN)减小。（3）叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)与净光合速率(Pn)之间,净光合速率(Pn)与PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)之间都表现显著正相关关系。（4）氮素籽粒生产效率与苗期叶片PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)呈显著正相关,不施氮肥条件下氮素籽粒生产效率与SPAD值呈显著正相关。     

不同生态类型大豆品种光周期反应的鉴定

通过设置短日照(12h)和长日照(16h)两种光照处理,对58个近年育成的不同生态类型大豆品种(系)进行光周期反应鉴定.结果表明.大豆光周期反应敏感性强弱依次为南方夏大豆、南方春大豆、黄淮海夏大豆、北方春大豆,品种的光周期反应敏感性随着主产地纬度的降低而增强;本试验建立了一种以短日开花促进率为评价指标的光周期反应敏感性的鉴定方法,该方法准确、简便、周期短、成本低廉.     

粘胶涂干防治榆紫叶甲试验

为了阻止榆紫叶甲成虫上树为害,采用无毒粘胶涂干方法对害虫进行了防治试验,并与采用无公害农药——触破进行涂毒环和直接喷洒百虫杀两种防治方法的效果进行了比较。结果显示:粘胶涂干法的防治效果最好,其防治率可达90%以上,明显高于涂毒环的防治率(32.63%)和喷药的防治率(68.90%);且粘胶涂干法的有效防治期长,在整个春季对越冬代成虫都有持续的阻隔上树作用;涂粘胶的最佳宽度为5cm,其防治率可达89.57%。     

智能播种监视系统的研制及产品化设计

介绍了一种与大型宽幅高速气吸式精量播种机配套使用的智能播种监视系统。该系统采用红外反射式的检测原理来感知种子的下落,创新性地采取了主从分布式的系统结构设计,即主机和显示终端分别内置一套单片机系统,设有语音提示系统,可自动播报工况及故障信息,配备LCD背光的高亮度触摸液晶模块,智能化自适应检测软件。此外,还对该系统在产品化设计时遇到的问题及解决方案进行了探讨。