第五届中国(海口)荔枝龙眼交流订货会获得圆满成功

5月12日，为期两天的第五届中国（海口）荔枝龙眼交流订货会在海口会展中心圆满落幕。本届交流订货会，共签订荔枝龙眼订单86份，交易量58475吨（荔枝53535吨，龙小眼4940吨），交易额9．4亿元。其中出口订单16份，交易量13560吨，交易额4．1亿元。     

不同盐分条件下油菜氮、磷、钾素积累与分配差异

为研究不同盐分浓度对油菜氮、磷、钾积累与分配的影响,以三个甘蓝型油菜品种为试验材料,在低、高两种盐分条件下种植,于成熟期取样测定干物质积累量及氮磷钾元素含量.结果 表明:高盐与低盐处理相比,全株及不同器官干重均显著下降.不同处理氮和磷积累量的变化范围分别为141.39～193.14 kg/hm2和21.95～36.24...     

Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Electricity Generation in a Combined ABR-MFC-MEC System Treating Fecal Wastewater

Simultaneous power generation and fecal wastewater treatment were investigated using a combined ABR-MFC-MEC system (anaerobic baffled reactor-microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolysis cell). The installation of multi-stage baffles can benefit retaining the suspended solids in the system and help separate the hydrolysis-acidification and the methanogen processes. The efficiencies of the nitrification-denitrification process were improved because of the weak current generation by coupling the microbial electrochemical device (MFC-MEC) with the ABR unit. Maximum removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) were 1.35 ± 0.05 kg COD/m³/day and 85.0 ± 0.4 g NH₄ ⁺-N/m³/day, respectively, while 45% of methane (CH₄), 9% of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and 45% of nitrogen gas (N₂) contents in volume ratio were found in the collected gas phase. An average surplus output voltage of 452.5 ± 10.5 mV could be achieved from the combined system, when the initial COD concentration was 1500.0 ± 20.0 mg/L and the initial NH₄ ⁺-N concentration was 110.0 ± 5.0 mg/L, while the effluent COD could reach 50.0 mg/L with an HRT of 48 h. The combined process has the potential to treat fecal wastewater efficiently with nearly zero energy input and a fair bio-fuel production.     

不同氮素籽粒生产效率油菜品种苗期叶片光合特性差异

2007-2008年度通过对不同氮肥水平下28个品种苗期叶片叶绿素含量和光合参数以及氮素籽粒生产效率的测定,结果表明：（1）不同品种氮素籽粒生产效率差异较大,施用氮肥氮素籽粒生产效率显著降低。（2）多数品种施用氮肥叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),净光合速率(Pn)增加;PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm),光化学淬灭系数(qP)增加,非光化学淬灭系数(qN)减小。（3）叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)与净光合速率(Pn)之间,净光合速率(Pn)与PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)之间都表现显著正相关关系。（4）氮素籽粒生产效率与苗期叶片PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)呈显著正相关,不施氮肥条件下氮素籽粒生产效率与SPAD值呈显著正相关。     

Population structure,genetic diversity,and sexual state of the rice brown spot pathogen Bipolaris oryzae from three Asian countries

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot in rice (Oryza sativa) inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. In this study, B. oryzae isolates sampled from Iran, the Philippines and Japan were analysed with 12 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, newly developed from the genome sequence of the fungus. Among the 288 B. oryzae isolates genotyped, 278 unique haplotypes were identified. High genotype numbers (richness) with even distribution (evenness) were found within the collection sites. Both mating types, MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2, were present in each collection area, and the sexual state was induced under controlled conditions with production of viable ascospores. However, the tests of linkage disequilibrium rejected of the hypothesis of random mating. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the B. oryzae collection formed three clusters, each consisting of isolates from different collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (amova ) showed that genetic variation among clusters was 18.7%, with the rest of the variation distributed within clusters (R_ST = 0.187, P < 0.001). Statistically significant pairwise genetic differentiation was found between the clusters. These results show that Asian B. oryzae isolates are genetically diverse, and, overall, distributed in three groups. These findings will be helpful in managing the disease and guide the use of representative isolates needed for selection of resistant rice varieties.     

动态模拟在燃气环网储气调峰设计中的应用

天然气管道环网沿线用户用气量经常变化，尤其将天然气作为调峰电厂的燃料时，管网系统会出现输气不均衡现象。利用管道储气技术，通过动态模拟计算方法可以调整和优化设计，解决系统供需矛盾，向用户安全、稳定供气。动态模拟方法是基于流体力学原理，用数学分析方法对输气管网系统运行参数进行描述，以调整和优化管网系统设计。结合工程实例，采用动态模拟方法计算了管网系统储气调峰能力，并对储气量进行了校核，所得结果符合调峰电厂的储气调峰要求。     

不同倍性白桦无性系苗期最佳施肥量的确定

以2年生的白桦四倍体和二倍体共19个无性系苗木群体为试验材料,用前期筛选的施肥配方配制成1/1 000质量浓度的混合营养液对根部进行浇灌施肥,分别7(处理1)、10(处理2)、15 d(处理3)的间隔期施肥,以不施肥为对照(处理4)。试验采用完全随机区组设计,重复3次。施肥自5月1日起始,8月31日结束。苗高、地径调查每隔15 d调查1次,自5月15日起,10月1日结束。结果表明:在3种施肥及对照条件下不同倍性白桦的生长均呈现"慢-快-慢"的"S"型,生长速度及生长期随着施肥量的递增而递增,苗高、地径生长量较对照分别提高42.46%、32.14%;在3种施肥处理及对照条件下不同倍性白桦无性系间生长量差异明显,二倍体高生长较四倍体提高了20.30%,在施肥处理1的条件下四倍体的地径生长较二倍体提高了3.71%。由3种施肥及对照处理条件下无性系的平均高径比、配方肥的用量及用工成本等综合分析,确定施肥间隔为15 d的处理3为白桦苗木培育时的主选施肥方案。无性系的不同对施肥量的要求不同,本项目分别为19个白桦无性系确定了精确施肥量。综合各无性系在各种施肥处理条件下苗高、地径生长量,初步选择3个二倍体、1个四倍体为优良无性系,它们分别为2Bz3、2Bz18、2B353和4B44,其平均苗高、地径较未施肥对照时分别提高了40.60%、32.26%。     

甘蓝型春油菜胚胎发育进程的观察

试验表明春油菜的胚长、子叶长宽、胚轴长宽的变化基本同步,都呈现S形曲线,增长峰值出现在花后第14—15天,接近最大值的时间在花后第22—25天。胚干重在花后第28天增加最快,日增量达0.24mg.胚细胞数在花后第22天不再增加,此时胚干重仅为其最终胚重的1/5左右,而胚长已接近最大值,施用氮肥能使胚早期发育延缓,同时能防止胚珠退化,增加粒数,提高粒重。     

乙烯利对干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾生理指标的影响

以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)‘Nuglade'品种为试验材料,研究叶片喷施乙烯利对草地早熟禾在水分充足、干旱及复水恢复3种处理下叶片电解质渗透率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)等生理指标的影响。结果表明,乙烯利与对照组(CK)相比,乙烯利在干旱胁迫下保持更高的叶片相对含水量23.5%(对照为11.5%)和更低的电解质渗透率68.1%(对照为90.7%)及MDA含量53.90μmol·g~(-1)(对照检查131.62μmol·g~(-1)),且复水后的电解质渗透率恢复程度更好;此外乙烯利处理提高了复水恢复过程草地早熟禾的可溶性蛋白含量;说明,叶片喷施乙烯利能够缓解草地早熟禾的干旱胁迫损伤,并促进干旱后的复水恢复。     

近红外光谱技术及其在农作物中的应用

本文阐述了近红外光谱技术的原理与方法,并对近红外光谱技术在农作物领域的应用研究进行了介绍。