杉木火力楠混交林林内火环境的初步研究

采用常规方法,分别于1987.9.24和1988.9.24两次对福建省尤溪县林业科学研究所西坑试验点6年生杉木火力楠混交林的火环境进行定位观测,结果表明:混交林的日均相对湿度、凋落叶的含水量、土层0～40cm土壤含水量分别比杉木纯林高3％、22.27％和4.41％,混交林内日均光照强度仅为杉木纯林的55％,林内日均气温比杉木纯林低0.5℃。因此,杉木火力楠混交林在一定程度上降低了林分的燃烧性。     

Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and intestinal parasitic infections in Taiwanese cats

A population consisting of 70 breeder cats, 43 clinical cases, and 16 feral cats was examined for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). No oocysts of T. gondii were observed in 96 faecal samples; faecal samples were not available from the feral cats. Other intestinal parasites identified included Isospora felis (three cats), Isospora rivolta (five), Dipylidium canium (two), Toxocara cati (four), Toxascaris leonina (one), and Ancylostoma sp. (two). Using a kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 117 sera including all the feral cats, nine had antibody to T. gondii antigen, three for antigens to FIV, and seven to the p27 antigen of FeLV. Of the nine cats with antibody to T. gondii, only one was also infected with FIV.     

裸燕麦不同生育时期对干旱胁迫后复水的响应

为给裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)高效节水生产提供理论和技术支持,在温室盆栽条件下,研究了裸燕麦持续性干旱胁迫后不同生育时期复水的生理响应。结果表明,拔节-抽穗期内复水较正常供水处理显著(P<0.05)提高株高6.57%～7.67%,其他时期复水株高与正常供水处理差异不显著(P>0.05);拔节-孕穗期和抽穗-灌浆期内复水,裸燕麦功能叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Ci)、胞间CO2浓度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合参数均表现出补偿或超补偿效应,灌浆期后复水无法恢复叶片正常光合能力;拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期复水,较持续干旱胁迫处理显著提高裸燕麦籽粒产量,产量增幅分别为14.29%、152.38%、66.67%和32.80%;孕穗-灌浆期复水有利于提高灌溉水利用效率。说明裸燕麦持续干旱胁迫后孕穗期和抽穗期复水对植株生长、功能叶片光合能力和产量的补偿效应明显,有利于灌溉水高效利用。     

白胡椒微波干燥特性及数学模型研究

利用功率分别为200、400、600、800W的微波对白胡椒进行干燥试验.试验结果表明,与传统晾晒干燥工艺相比,微波干燥胡椒的时间大为缩短,但干燥后的白胡椒易开裂,微波功率越大,品质越差;利用3种方程建立薄层白胡椒微波干燥模型,并进行比较分析,结果显示基于Page方程的白胡椒微波干燥模型变量间相关性大,模型具有极显著意义,方程拟合效果较合理.对不同功率微波干燥得到的白胡椒产品进行感官评价,结果表明采用微波干燥方法得到的白胡椒产品品质随微波功率的升高而变差.     

pH值和Ca~（2＋）浓度对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响

本文报道了不同ｐＨ值（６．５、７．５和８．５）和不同Ｃａ２＋浓度（３８．８．６１．１和７８．８ｐｐｍ）对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响。实验结果表明，ｐＨ值对该虾的生长有一定的影响，Ｃａ２＋和ｐＨ值在影响其生长的过程中可能有一定的交互作用。ｐＨ值和Ｃａ２＋对该虾生长的影响主要是通过影响其能量摄入量实现的。本实验条件下，该虾摄入的能量平均有１５．８％用于生长，１．８％作为粪便排出体外，其余用于呼吸和排泄。     

荔枝体细胞胚胎发生早期的3种内源激素含量变化

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了荔枝下番枝品种体细胞胚胎发生早期的内源激素含量的变化.结果表明：内源生长素IAA含量先降低,达到一个最低值,此时是荔枝体胚发生早期原胚Ⅰ阶段,随后就会逐渐上升,直到球形胚阶段时,达到一个最高值;从胚性愈伤组织到胚性愈伤组织II阶段,其内源脱落酸（ABA）含量总的变化趋势先升高,紧接着下降到一个低谷,此时是紧密结构阶段,随后在发育到球形胚阶段的过程中又逐渐升高;内源细胞分裂素（CTK）含量变化趋势呈“M”形.ABA与IAA和ABA与CTK的质量比增大,将有利于荔枝体细胞球形胚的形成.     

Influence of in-house produced biochars on cracks and retained water during drying-wetting cycles: comparison between conventional plant,animal, and nano-biochars

Purpose

Biochars produced from different feedstocks (such as wood, pig manure) possess varying physical and chemical properties, which have influence on crack and evaporation rate of biochar-amended soil (BAS). Furthermore, influence of compaction state and drying-wetting cycles on evaporation rate and cracking of BAS has not been investigated comprehensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types, compaction state of BAS, and drying-wetting cycles on crack propagation and retained water (or evaporation rate).

Material and methods

An animal and plant feedstock-based biochars were produced in-house from pig manure (PM) and wood (W), respectively. In addition, nano structured chalk and wheat biochar (CWB) were also produced. Soil amended with individual biochars was compacted in petri-glass discs at two densities. Disc specimens were subjected to multiple drying-wetting cycles, and evaporation rate of specimens and crack area were monitored throughout the experimental period (70 days). Images were captured after every 24 h and processed using image processing technique to obtain the crack intensity factor (CIF).

Results and discussion

The results show that plant-based W BAS showed the high water retention, i.e., low evaporation rate and low CIF. Furthermore, the crack potential of CW BAS was seen to be higher. In dense compacted soil, maximum CIF% can be reduced from 3.9 to 0.4% for W BAS, from 3.9 to 1.7% for PM BAS, and from 3.9 to 1.6% for CW BAS.

Conclusion

WB was able to resist cracking more efficiently than other types of biochar. Evaporation was found to be minimal for plant-based W BAS at 10% biochar percentage. Higher biochar content in soil was seen to increase the water retention of BAS significantly. Dense state of BAS at high biochar content (i.e., 10%) was effective in reducing evaporation rate and crack progression.

     

砾石对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响

[目的]研究砾石粒径及含量对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响,为探索喀斯特地区的水土流失机理提供参考依据。[方法]通过室内模拟试验和数字图像处理技术,研究了砾石粒径(2.0～5.0 mm和5.0～12.5 mm)和砾石含量(0%,10%,20%,30%,40%)条件下的石灰土表面干缩裂隙特征。[结果]①无砾石石灰土平均表面裂隙率仅为3.03%,含砾石石灰土具有更大的表面裂隙率,在大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)高含量(40%)条件下,表面裂隙率最大,达到8.66%;②当砾石含量增加时,裂隙的形态变得细小且密集,小粒径砾石会使裂隙网络更复杂;③大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)条件下的土壤表面裂隙率与砾石含量成正线性相关,而小粒径(2.0～5.0 mm)条件下的裂隙率与砾石含量成负线性相关;④砾石会成为裂隙发育的基点,每个砾石颗粒周围都有可能产生围绕砾石或是向外延伸的裂隙。且在砾石形态的棱角处,容易产生向外延伸的裂隙。[结论]石灰土中存在砾石会导致表面裂隙率提高,弱化土体的抗侵蚀能力,是石漠化治理不容忽视的问题。     

我国林木生物质发电产业中政府角色与发展模式的思考

我国林木生物质能源十分丰富,适宜发展林木生物质发电产业。但是目前林木生物质发电产业仍处于初级发展阶段,产业发展模式还不够成熟,产业潜力未被充分挖掘。文中基于产业模式相关研究基础,结合我国林木生物质发电产业发展实践,设计了更为全面系统的林木生物质发电产业发展模式,根据政府对产业发展介入力度不同,将产业发展模式分为萌芽期（政府主导型产业发展模式）、成长期（政府引导型产业发展模式）、成熟期（政府规制型产业发展模式）,并从资源、经济、社会、环境、技术5个方面论证林木生物质发电产业发展的可行性、有效性和持续发展的稳定性,以期为国家主管部门制定相关政策提供理论参考。     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。