体育院校大学生参加开放性实验的现状、问题与对策分析 ——以广州体育学院为例

目的：分析探讨开放性实验的现状及存在的问题，旨在提高体育院校开放性实验教学质量，培养综合素质高与专业能力强的有用人才。方法：运用资料分析法对广州体育学院十年来积累的开放性实验教学资料进行研究。结果：（1）开放性实验形成了比较有效的教学模式；（2）历年参加开放性实验的学生人数占当年在校生人数比例非常高；（3）开放性实验科目内容丰富，以验证性实验为主，兼顾综合性和设计性实验；（4）开放性实验教学效果比较满意，教学质量较高。（5）改进开放性实验教学方式、构建独立的实验教学体系等措施可以有效解决体育类大学生参加开放性实验存在的一些问题。结论：体育类大学生参加开放性实验能够有效地巩固所学理论知识，促进专业水平的发展，培养独立分析问题及解决问题的能力。     

晚霜与冰雪灾害对核桃产业的影响及应对措施

长期以来,核桃产业屡遭晚霜与冰雪灾害的严重影响,轻者减产,重者绝收,这挫伤了各级政府和部分群众发展核桃产业的积极性.为了正确认识晚霜与冰雪灾害对核桃的影响问题,树立发展核桃产业的信心,积极防御晚霜和冰雪灾害,分析了晚霜与冰雪灾害的普遍性和因此带给核桃产业的正负面影响及总体效益,并提出了应对低温霜冻和冰雪灾害的策略与措施...     

芥菜新品种―—漳芥1 号

漳芥1 号芥菜从播种到收获55～70 d（天），粗纤维含量含量低，肉质脆嫩，叶柄肥厚，商品性状好，鲜食和加工皆可，平均每
667 m² 产量约5 909.3 kg。     

Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings

Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.     

不同施肥方式对红壤蔬菜田氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落的影响

通过构建氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)克隆文库,研究在红壤蔬菜田上只施用磷钾化肥(PK)、只施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、施用腐熟有机肥(DNPK)和施用新鲜有机肥(FNPK)等4种不同施肥处理的土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)群落多样性及与土壤脲酶活性的相关性。结果表明:施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的蔬菜田土壤的AOB文库和AOA文库OTU数量和Shannon指数高于只施用无机肥(NPK和PK)处理的蔬菜田土壤;DNPK和FNPK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为多形亚硝化叶菌(Nitrosolobus multiformis),比例分别为88.5%和68.5%,NPK和PK处理的土壤优势AOB菌群为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosospirasp.),比例分别为54.8%和65.5%;DNPK、FNPK、NPK和PK处理土壤优势AOA菌群均为阿伯丁土壤亚硝化细杆菌侯选种(CandidatusNitrosotalea devanaterra),比例分别为90.9%、84.4%、77.8%和45.2%;施加有机肥处理(DNPK和FNPK)的土壤脲酶活性和氨氧化微生物的多样性指数都高于只施用无机肥处理(NPK和PK);AOA群落多样性指数与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关,而AOB群落多样性与土壤脲酶活性相关性不显著。总体来看,有机肥比无机肥处理提高了AOA和AOB群落多样性,且AOA在红壤蔬菜田土壤氨氧化过程中起着更为重要的作用。     

不同种植方式对寒地水稻氮积累与产量的影响

采用龙优5号水稻为试材,通过田间试验,研究寒地直播稻与传统移栽稻氮素吸收及产量的差异,探明寒地直播稻的氮素积累规律,为直播稻施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,直播稻抽穗期和灌浆期叶片含氮量分别比移栽稻高10.2%(P0.05)和10.0%(P0.05),显著提高了叶片光合能力。成熟期籽粒氮积累量比移栽稻高16.1%(P0.05),抽穗后氮同化量和氮同化贡献率分别比移栽稻高104.7%(P0.01)和76.2%(P0.01),氮肥偏生产力比移栽稻高37.2%(P0.01)。直播稻穗粒数和千粒重显著提高,结实率也有所增加,产量比移栽稻高8.1%(P0.05)。     

漆膜厚度对云杉属木材吸声性能的影响

音板是钢琴最重要的部件之一,是影响钢琴声学品质的关键因素,其制作材料吸声性能好坏很大程度上决定了钢琴音量大小和发音持久性。云杉属木材是制作钢琴音板的主要材料,本研究以4种云杉属径切板木材作为研究对象,采用驻波比法测试了4种木材的吸声系数以及在不同漆膜厚度情况下的吸声系数并进行比较,初步分析了漆膜厚度对云杉属木材吸声性能的影响。结果表明:在无漆膜状态下,麦吊云杉吸收的声能最少;而在有漆膜状态下,除了漆膜厚度是0.15 mm时,4种云杉属木材吸声系能不稳定之外,吸声系数是随着漆膜厚度的增加而增加,即漆膜厚度越小,钢琴音板的吸声性能越差。     

采用混合生物地理学算法的番茄种植规划研究

为解决番茄酱产季原料供应不均衡问题,在构建番茄种植规划的数学模型基础上,提出采用生物地理学算法对番茄种植规划模型的求解。利用余弦迁移模型、干扰迁移算子和基于高斯分布的变异算子对BBO算法进行适当改进,并与差分进化算法的变异算子结合,以增强生物地理学算法的全局搜索性能。以新疆某番茄酱厂为例对番茄种植规划问题进行计算,结果表明:采用该算法获得的种植方案能实现番茄原料产量与番茄酱厂生产能力之间的平衡。仿真结果验证了番茄种植规划数学模型的合理性。在求解番茄种植规划问题上,与其他智能优化算法相比,该算法具有较好的收敛性。     

植物营养液对园林苗木移栽后快速恢复的影响及应用综述

在园林绿化工程中,苗木移栽的存活率低、生长势弱,甚至苗木死亡等现象频繁出现,一直影响或阻碍了城市园林绿化的建设和发展。为了有效解决园林苗木移栽存活低、生长弱的难题,本文通过植物营养液组成及应用进行简要概述,分析苗木移栽成活的主要影响因素,同时结合植物生长调节剂的作用,探讨具有生理调节功能的植物营养液对苗木移栽后快速恢复的作用及影响,以期为今后城市园林绿化工程中提高苗木移栽存活提供参考依据。     

Whole-plant Corn Silage Quality Treated with Mixed Acids and its Effect on Sheep Growth Performance

In order to explore different concentrations of mixed acids in improving quality of whole-plant corn silage and their effects on growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.4 levels of 45% formic acid,45% propionic acid and 10% sodium propionate were mixed,and 0(control),0.3%,0.6% and 1% were added to 4 groups of ripening period whole-plant corn.The results showed that compared with control group,the experimental groups could significantly decrease the proportion of AA/PA in silage (P<0.05);0.3% and 0.6% groups had the better effects.Based on the result of CNCPS,0.6% group significantly improved the PB₃ component (P<0.05),reduced the CC component (P>0.05),and improved the quality of silage.Compared with control group,the experimental groups effectively inhibited the mold and yeast reproduction,improved the aerobic stability of silage.The feeding trial results showed that ADG and F/G of sheep in experimental groups were better than control group,and F/G of both 0.6% and 1% groups were significantly better than that in control group (P<0.05).In conclusion,treatment of mixed acids could improve the quality of whole-plant corn silage,and silage treated with 0.6% levels of mixed acids could significantly improve the growth performance of Dorper×Han F1 sheep.