60Co-γ辐射对越橘组培苗和营养钵苗的诱变效应

以‘斯巴坦’及‘蓝丰’越橘组培苗、1年生‘斯巴坦’及‘蓝丰’和‘奥尼尔’越橘营养钵苗为试材,采用7个剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理,观察比较不同辐射处理条件下组培苗的生长植株比例、株高和增殖系数及营养钵苗的株高、茎粗和成活率。结果表明:随着60Co-γ辐射剂量的增加,组培苗的生长植株比例、株高和增殖系数呈下降趋势。‘蓝丰’组培苗辐照剂量大于50Gy时生长受到严重抑制,‘斯巴坦’辐照剂量大于70Gy时生长受到严重抑制;‘斯巴坦’和‘奥尼尔’株高和茎粗随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈下降趋势,‘蓝丰’茎粗随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈下降趋势,但株高随辐射剂量的增加总体上呈上升趋势。     

“莱牧一号”牧草栽培平菇的关键技术研究

随着我国食用菌产业的发展壮大,栽培料需求持续攀升,传统的木屑、棉籽壳等栽培料已经不能满足产业的持续发展。"莱牧一号"(Pennisetum sp.)牧草为莱索托引进的新品种,生物量大,可作为食用菌栽培的原料。现主要介绍"莱牧一号"牧草栽培平菇的技术措施,以期为平菇栽培提供新原料,促进平菇产业的可持续发展。     

梨新鲜度与其挥发性成分的关系研究

以砀山酥梨为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,分析了砀山酥梨在(4±1)℃条件下挥发性成分的变化,检测了砀山酥梨可溶性固形物、硬度、酸度等新鲜度指标,探讨了砀山酥梨新鲜度与其挥发性成分之间的关系。结果表明:新鲜砀山酥梨在(4±1)℃条件下的保鲜时间为42d,其特征性气味成分主要为正己醇、1-辛醇;不新鲜砀山酥梨的特征性气味成分为2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、硅酸四乙酯、异戊醇、正己醇、1-辛醇、香叶基丙酮,且砀山酥梨由新鲜变为不新鲜时的阈值分别为1.57、2.74、1.39、15.15、211.13、2.36μg/L。试验结果为通过气味判断砀山酥梨的新鲜度提供了理论参考。     

植物源杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫毒力及应用价值评价

以韭菜迟眼蕈蚊为试虫,采用药液定量滴加法及盆栽试验,研究了4种植物源药剂对韭蛆幼虫毒力及亚致死剂量效应。结果表明:印楝素、莨菪碱、烟碱和苦参碱对韭蛆幼虫毒力较高,其毒力与阿维菌素差异不大。苦参碱和印楝素亚致死剂量处理试虫的存活率均降低,并抑制成虫产卵,成虫产卵率下降;此外,苦参碱和印楝素处理的幼虫发育历期较对照和辛硫磷也显著延长。盆栽试验证明,植物源杀虫剂对韭蛆有一定的控制作用,并且半剂量噻虫胺与印楝素混用对韭蛆控制起到明显的增效作用,而噻虫胺与烟碱混用对韭蛆控制无明显的增效作用。因此,推荐生产中采用噻虫胺与印楝素混用,共同控制韭蛆。     

冬季马铃薯控释肥用量试验

在川西南冬季马铃薯种植区,开展马铃薯专用控释配方肥不同用量对青薯9号增产效应的对比试验。试验结果表明,以每667 m~2施用60 kg马铃薯专用控释配方肥作底肥为最佳施肥方案,该处理的平均单株质量、商品薯率最高,平均鲜薯产量为2 114.0 kg/667 m~2,比对照(不施肥)增产1 063.5 kg/667 m~2,增幅为101.2%。     

地熊蜂为重庆地区设施番茄授粉的效果研究

为评价地熊蜂在重庆地区设施番茄的授粉效果,在重庆市荣昌区龙舌嘴村开展授粉效果比较试验,分析地熊蜂授粉对设施番茄产量、果实品质及畸形果率的影响。试验结果显示,经地熊蜂授粉的设施番茄平均产量为2 206.44 kg/667 m2,与未授粉组相比显著提高了104.95%,授粉组的单果质量、果纵径、果最大横径、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量及总糖含量显著高于未授粉组。由此,认为地熊蜂适宜为重庆地区设施番茄授粉,且能够显著提高重庆地区设施番茄的产量与品质。     

马铃薯晚疫病的发生、流行规律及其对产量的影响

为探明马铃薯晚疫病发病规律及其对产量的影响,以清水为对照,开展了枯草芽孢杆菌BS-10和银法利(氟菌·霜霉威)防治马铃薯晚疫病效果试验。试验结果表明,马铃薯晚疫病发生和流行速度快,从出现中心病株到全部植株枯死仅17~24 d,病情呈逐渐加重趋势,对产量影响极大,如不防治或防治不当,可造成减产2/3;试验所用药剂均不能完全抑制晚疫病的发生,相对而言,银法利防效优于枯草芽孢杆菌BS-10。     

Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period

During the early postpartum period dairy cows mobilize fat and muscle to support lactation. This is associated with alterations in blood metabolite and hormone profiles which in turn influence milk yield and fertility. This study developed models to determine how metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score were inter-related at different times in the periparturient period and to compare these relationships in primiparous (PP, n=188) and multiparous (MP, n=312) cows. Data from four previous studies which included information on blood metabolic parameters, parity, milk yield, body condition score and diet were collated into a single dataset. Coefficients of polynomial equations were calculated for each trait between -1 week pre-calving and week +7 postpartum using residual maximum likelihood modelling. The completed dataset was used in a multiple correlation model to determine how the best fit curves were related to each other over time. PP cows had higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations throughout, higher leptin concentrations pre-partum and both the peak in non-esterified fatty acids and the nadir in urea concentration occurred earlier after calving. These differences were associated with significantly lower milk production. Leptin concentrations fell at calving and were related to body condition score. Insulin was negatively correlated with yield in MP cows only. In MP cows the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I and yield switched from negative to positive between weeks +4 and +7. Both beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea were positively related to yield in PP cows. In contrast, in MP cows beta-hydroxybutyrate was negatively correlated with yield and urea was strongly related to body condition score but not yield. These results suggest that there are differences in the control of tissue mobilization between PP and MP cows which may promote nutrient partitioning into growth as well as milk during the first lactation.     

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.