利用InDel标记进行啤酒大麦黄花叶病抗性鉴定

大麦黄花叶病是严重威胁冬大麦生产的重大病害之一.为促进抗黄花叶病基因在大麦育种中的应用,利用插入或缺失(inserticon-deletion,InDel)标记JSB056和JSB060对180份啤酒大麦资源进行基因型检测,结合病圃黄花叶病表型鉴定,并评价标记在育种中应用的有效性.结果表明,聚合2个InDel标记具有较好的检测效果,检测准确率高达91.9％,是分子辅助选择育种中鉴定大麦黄花叶病抗性的较理想标记.     

中国滨海湿地碳储量估算

滨海湿地生态系统碳汇功能强大,探究其固碳能力对于降低温室气体浓度,缓解全球气候变暖具有重要意义。基于谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine, GEE）提供的1987—2020年Landsat遥感数据及已发表的滨海湿地碳密度数据,使用遥感定量反演与生命地带法相结合的方法,研究中国滨海湿地30多年来碳储量时空变化,结果表明：（1）盐沼湿地主要分布于沿海北部区域,光滩主要分布于沿海东部区域,红树林湿地主要分布于沿海南部区域;（2）中国南部滨海湿地碳密度明显高于北部和东部滨海湿地;（3）中国滨海湿地总碳储量整体呈降低趋势,沿海北部区域与东部区域总碳储量大于南部区域。气候、植被与土地利用变化共同影响了滨海湿地碳储量的时空动态,以围填海为主的人类活动是影响滨海湿地碳储量变化的主要因素。研究结果可为有效评估滨海湿地的碳汇能力,制定减排增汇措施,应对气候变化提供理论依据,也可为我国滨海湿地生态系统管理和退化湿地生态恢复提供决策支持。     

Spatiotemporal evolution and prediction of habitat quality in Hohhot City of China based on the InVEST and CA-Markov models

With the acceleration of urbanization, changes in the urban ecological environment and landscape pattern have led to a series of prominent ecological environmental problems. In order to better coordinate the balanced relationship between city and ecological environment, we selected land use change data to evaluate the habitat quality in Hohhot City of China, which is of great practical significance for regional urban and economic development. Thus, the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) and Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) models were used to analyze, predict, and explore the Spatiotemporal evolution path and characteristics of urban land use, and forecast the typical evolution pattern of land use in 2030. The results showed that the land use types in Hohhot City changed significantly from 2000 to 2020, and the biggest change took place in cultivated land, grassland, shrub, and artificial surface. The decrease of cultivated land area and the increase of artificial surface area were the main impact trend of land use change. The average value of habitat quality had been decreasing continuously from 2000 to 2020, and the values of habitat degradation were 0.2605, 0.2494, and 0.2934 in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, showing a decreasing trend. The decrease of habitat quality was caused by the needs of economic development and urban construction, as well as the impact of land occupation. During this evolution, many cultivated land and urban grassland had been converted into construction land. The simulated land use changes in 2030 are basically the same as those during 2000-2020, and the habitat quality will still be declining. The regional changes are influenced by the urban rapid development and industrial layout. These results can provide decision-making reference for regional urban planning and management as well as habitat quality evaluation.     

采种甜菜原地保护越冬栽培技术

山东维坊市采种甜菜原地保护越冬栽培技术通常8月25日前后育苗,11月上、中旬盖膜,并在苗床北侧设立防风障,改善苗田小气候,于翌年2月中、下旬揭膜,定植时间可放宽到3月上旬至下旬,与窖藏春栽采种甜菜比,增产率可达25%以上,是一项值得推广的增产技术。     

水稻落粒性的研究进展

落粒性是野生稻适应自然环境和保持群体繁衍的重要性状，落粒性的丧失是水稻驯化过程中的一个关键事件。落粒程度既直接影响水稻的产量，也影响其对现代化机械收割方式的适应性。本文综述了近年来水稻落粒性的研究进展，包括水稻落粒的生理基础、落粒性基因的定位与克隆，以及调控落粒性的分子机理。     

茶叶供给质量保障与主体行为的博弈分析

茶叶生产是控制茶叶质量的首要环节。茶农、茶商以及茶叶企业是茶叶生产和市场供给的主体,根据政府监管效力和市场信息情况,在种植、采摘、加工和销售各个环节具有不同行为表现。依据博弈理论,研究茶叶供给方与政府、茶叶生产企业之间的行为选择,探讨茶叶供给主体的行为动机,为政府制定产业政策和市场监管措施提供理论依据,从而促进茶产业健康发展。研究认为：有效的监管市场能够消除“柠檬市场”效应,提供有质量保障茶叶是理性选择;市场监管缺位情况下,提供无质量保障茶叶能够获取较高的市场收益。     

西藏野生油菜种质资源地理分布、 生物学特性和保护对策

对西藏野生油菜资源进行了考察、整理和研究,发现西藏野生油菜资源地理分布有藏中白菜型、芥菜型 油菜分布中心和藏东白菜型油菜分布中心,其分布的区域性和规律性极为明显;分析了野生油菜的生殖生物学、生 态学特征和传播方式及濒危机制,讨论了西藏野生油菜收集与保存问题,据此提出了加强西藏野生油菜资源保护 性开发利用的建议。     

Mapping and predicting a candidate gene for flesh color in watermelon

The color of watermelon flesh is an important trait determined by a series of carotenoids. Herein, we used Cream of Saskatchewan(pale yellow flesh) and PI 186490(white flesh) as parental materials for an F2 segregation and initial mapping using the bulked segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq) strategy. The BSA results revealed a flesh colorrelated QTL that spans approximately 2.45 Mb on chromosome 6. This region was preliminarily positioned in a 382-kb segment, and then narrowed down into a 66.8-kb segment with 1 260 F2 individuals. A total of nine candidate genes were in the fine mapping interval, but only Cla007528(encoding chlorophyllase) had non-synonymous mutations and was significantly expressed between the parental materials throughout flesh development. We also checked the expression patterns of the carotenoid metabolic pathway genes based on RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR validation. Three genes in the xanthophyll cycle(ClCHYB, ClNCED-1 and ClNCED-7) exhibited differential expression patterns between the two parental lines at different flesh color formation stages. ClPSY1, ClPDS, ClZDS, ClCHXE, ClCRTISO and ClLCYB also exhibited clearly different expression patterns accompanied by carotenoid accumulation.     

玉米热带、亚热带种质创新利用体系的研究

以拓展辽宁省玉米种质资源遗传基础为目标,科学合理的利用热带、亚热带种质,选育出一批综合性状优良的自交系和杂交种,建立了一套热带、亚热带种质创新利用的技术体系,并确立在温带种质中导入热带种质比例应小于12．5％;为辽宁省玉米种质资源创新以及玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。     

松油烯-4-醇对淡色库蚊的熏蒸毒力及对其Na+ ,K+ -ATP酶的抑制作用

为进一步探讨杀虫植物砂地柏Sabina vulgaris Ant.精油中主要杀虫活性成分—松油烯-4-醇(terpinen-4-ol)对卫生害虫的生物活性,测定了该物质对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens Pallens及其Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:松油烯-4-醇对淡色库蚊具有较强的熏蒸作用,其LC50值为6.79 mg/L, 在LC80剂量下其击倒中时(KT50)为6.92 min;淡色库蚊Na+,K+-ATP酶活性测定的最佳反应条件为pH值7.42、温度35.5℃、底物浓度0.7 mmol/L;离体和活体情况下,松油烯-4-醇均可显著抑制淡色库蚊Na+,K+-ATP酶的活性,其I50值为32.02 μg/mL。Na+,K+-ATP酶可能是松油烯-4-醇对淡色库蚊的杀虫作用靶标。