基于Cap蛋白研制的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。     

不同工艺条件对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响

为优化青海传统蒙古奶茶加工工艺,提高其口感质量,以青砖茶、鲜牛乳为主要原料,赤砂糖和食盐为辅料,探究浸提料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间及牛乳、赤砂糖、食盐的添加比例对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响。采用单因素试验、Plackeet-Burman(PB)试验设计、Box-Behnken试验设计,通过感官评定、茶多酚含量及稳定性分析得到蒙古奶茶的三个显著性因素,最佳工艺条件为:浸提时间90min,糖6%,盐0.4%。该配方下蒙古奶茶呈浅棕色液体,无分层,口感最佳,营养成分指标为:茶多酚330.27mg/kg,蛋白质0.69%,可溶性固形物14.7%,沉淀率3.24%,稳定系数0.905。此蒙古奶茶制备工艺可为该青海传统乳制品的工业化生产提供参考依据。     

中国乳企境外发展战略及对策研究

境外发展已经成为中国乳企提升竞争力的必然趋势和重要动力。在稳定奶源、优化升级与品牌开拓三阶段战略定位指引下,中国乳企主要通过收购、合资、独资以及战略合作四大模式实施境外发展,目前中国乳企境外发展主要受到融资、竞争力不足与政策风险、经营管理风险、国际型人才匮乏等方面的制约,本文从企业和政府2个视角提出了促进中国乳企境外发展的对策建议。     

我国不同区域鸡源大肠杆菌的致病性与耐药性状分析

为比较我国不同地区发病鸡源大肠杆菌的致病类型、毒力因子差异和其耐药状况,探讨大肠杆菌对家禽生产和公共卫生的影响,对从山东、西藏等7个省(自治区)的发病鸡群分离获得的130株大肠杆菌菌株,用PCR方法进行了肠致病性大肠杆菌、肠毒素型大肠杆菌等5种致病类型检测和ompT、stx2等7种毒力因子检测,并用15种药物测其耐药性。结果发现,仅5株发病鸡源大肠杆菌为致病性大肠杆菌(3.85%,5/130),且均为肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)。130株大肠杆菌检测出iroN毒力因子检出率最高(69.23%,90/130),stx2最低(1.54%,2/130),其余均在50%~60%。分离菌株对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高,分别为91.54%(119/130)、90.77%(118/130),对美罗培南耐药率最低(12.31%,16/130);多重耐药严重,94.62%(123/130)的菌株对三类或三类以上的药物耐药。本研究通过比较不同地区养鸡场大肠杆菌的致病性和耐药情况,以进一步做好大肠杆菌病的防控。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

近交在畜牧业中的应用及防止衰退的措施

近交是指5代以内双方具有共同祖先的公母畜交配,在培育品种或品系过程中,常常采用近交以固定某些优良性状,或藉以增加某个优良种畜的血统。近交虽是育种工作中的一种有力措施,但使用不当就会出现近交衰退现象。因此,不能将其作为生产中的经常性措施,一般只在育种场采用,在商品场不宜采用。     

关于宁夏地区首次从乳房炎乳样中检出非脱羧勒克菌的研究

从宁夏部分奶牛场(牧场、养殖小区)采集94份临床型乳房炎乳样、70份隐性乳房炎乳样,并分离鉴定出4株非脱羧勒克菌,其中临床型乳房炎分离出1株、隐性乳房炎分离出3株。药敏试验结果表明,4株非脱羧勒克菌均对链霉素、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、头孢类药物敏感;对磺胺类、林可胺类药物则产生不同程度的耐药性。     

Genetic Effects of IGF-Ⅰ Gene on the Growth and Reproductive Traits in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of SNPs in insulin like factor-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ） gene with chicken growth and reproductive traits. PCR-SSCP approach was applied to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the general linear model was used to analyze genetic effects between genotypes and growth traits of the Jinghai Yellow chicken. For the IGF-Ⅰ gene, three genotypes(AA, AB and BB) were detected in Jinghai Yellow chicken population, the frequency of A and B alleles were 0.613 and 0.387. Sequencing revealed one mutation(A60G) of IGF-Ⅰ gene in BB genotype in comparison to AA genotype. The results showed that BB genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had higher bodyweight at 4 weeks compared to AA and AB genotypes(P<0.05);AA genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had significantly higher bodyweight at 300 day-age-weight compared to BB genotype(P<0.05). Polymorphisms in exon 3 of IGF-Ⅰ gene had certain effect on growth and reproductive traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken. However, whether these polymorphisms were important genetic markers, which related with IGF-Ⅰ gene and reproduction traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken, were needed to be further studied.     

传统发酵食品来源植物乳杆菌的发酵特性及其在酸奶中的应用

对传统发酵食品来源的三株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的发酵特性进行试验分析。结果表明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3具有适度的菌体自溶特性和蛋白水解活力,且能够高产胞外多糖(99.7mg/L)。将植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3作为附属发酵剂应用于酸奶中,发现添加植物乳杆菌的酸奶样品经冷藏21d后菌株DH1-XHG-3的活菌数仍保持在108 CFU/m L,且酸奶样品的乳清析出率低于对照组,感官评定、质构特性和持水力均高于对照组。以上结果证明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3适合作为附属发酵剂应用于发酵乳制品中。     

绵羊WNT5A基因克隆及其组织表达分析

WNT5A(Wnt family member 5A)参与了多种细胞的增殖、凋亡和分化等生物学过程,在乳腺形态发生、毛囊发育等方面发挥了重要作用.该试验利用RT-PCR获得绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区,分析WNT5A蛋白的结构特征并利用RT-qPCR检测WNT5A基因在9个组织中的表达情况.绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区...